【作者】 何吉扬；

【导师】 张胜义；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 分析化学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米碲化物是Ⅱ-Ⅵ族元素之间形成的一类性能优良的半导体材料,具有特殊的光学性质、热学性质、磁学性质、力学性质、超导电性、声学性能等,可广泛用于太阳能电池、整流器、化学传感器等领域,是当前纳米材料领域的研究热点之一。本论文以碲纳米棒或纳米线为模板,分别与不同的金属无机盐反应,采用低温液相反应技术和水热法合成了碲化铅纳米棒、碲化铋纳米线和碲化镉纳米线等一维纳米碲化物,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试技术对产物的组成和结构进行了表征。初步探讨了产物的形成机理,并且利用循环伏安法研究了产物的电化学性质。论文主要内容如下：1.碲化铅纳米棒的制备及其电化学性质研究以碲纳米棒为碲源和反应模板,Pb(NO3)2为铅源,水热法制备了表面为立方晶形组成的碲化铅纳米棒。分别用SEM、XRD、XPS等测试技术对产物进行了表征。讨论了产物的形成机理及影响因素,测定了碲化铅纳米棒在不同介质中的电化学性质,研究了扫描速度、扫描电位范围以及其它因素对碲化铅纳米棒电化学性质的影响。2.碲化铋纳米线的制备及其电化学性质研究以超细碲纳米线为碲源和反应模板,Bi(NO3)3为铋源,水热法制备了表面为球形颗粒组成的碲化铋纳米线。分别用SEM、XRD、XPS等测试技术对产物进行了表征。讨论了产物的形成机理及影响因素,测定了碲化铅纳米棒在不同介质中的电化学性质,研究了扫描速度、扫描电位范围以及其它因素对碲化铋纳米棒电化学性质的影响。3.碲化镉纳米线的制备及其光电性质研究以超细碲纳米线为碲源和反应模板,CdCl2为镉源,水热法制备了碲化镉纳米线。分别用SEM、XRD、XPS等测试技术对产物进行了表征。测定了碲化镉纳米线在不同介质中的电化学性质,研究了扫描速度、扫描电位范围以及其它因素对碲化镉纳米线电化学性质的影响,探讨了碲化镉纳米线的电化学发光(ECL)行为。更多还原

【Abstract】 The telluride nanomaterials that are made up ofⅡ-Ⅵgroup elements, are a kind of excellent semiconductor materials. They have some characteristic properties, such as optical, thermotic, magnetic, mechanic properties, as well as superconductivity, acoustic performance and so on. In recent years, they have been applied to solar cell, current rectifier, selective electrode and chemical sensors. Therefore, the telluride nanomaterials have attracted much attention in nanomaterial field.In this paper, the PbTe nanorods, Bi2Te3 nanowires and CdTe nanowires were respectively prepared by the template-engaged hydrothermal synthesis, in which the as-prepared Te nanorods (or nanowires) were used as templates that reacted with relevant metal ions. The composition and structure of the tellurides as-obtained were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and the formation mechanism of the tellurides was explored. Furthermore, the electrochemical property of the tellurides nanomaterials were studied by cycle voltammetric technique.Our main work as follows:1. Synthesis and Electochemical Behavior of PbTe NanorodsThe PbTe nanorods were prepared by the template-engaged hydrothermal synthesis in which the Te nanorods as-prepared were used as templates and Pb(NO3)2 was used as Pb source. The products as-obtained were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and so on. The effect of the reaction temperature and the reaction time on products was discussed, and the forming mechanism of the PbTe nanorods was explored. Besides the synthesis, the electrochemical behavior of the PbTe nanorods was determined in different medium. The effect factors, such as the scan rate and potential region, for the cyclic voltammograms of the PbTe nanorods were also studied. 2. Synthesis and Electochemical Behavior of Bi2Te3 nanowiresThe Bi2Te3 nanowires with grain-like surface, were prepared by the template-engaged hydrothermal synthesis in which the Te fine nanowires as-prepared were used as templates and Bi(NO3)3 was used as Bi source. The products as-obtained were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM and so on. The effect of the molar ratio of Bi and Te in precursor and the reaction temperature on products was explored, and the formation mechanism of the Bi2Te3 nanowires was discussed. In addition, the electrochemical behavior of Bi2Te3 nanowires was determined by cyclic voltammetry in different medium. The effect of the scan rate and potential region on the cyclic voltammograms of the Bi2Te3 nanowires was also studied.3. Synthesis and Property of CdTe nanowiresThe CdTe nanowires were prepared by the template-engaged hydrothermal synthesis in which the Te fine nanowires as-prepared were used as templates and CdCl2 was used as Cd source. The products as-obtained were characterized by XRD, TEM and SEM analyses. The electrochemical property of the CdTe nanowires was determined by the voltammetric technique in different medium. The effect of the scan rate and potential region on the cyclic voltammograms of the CdTe nanowires was discussed. In addition, the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of the CdTe nanowires was studied.更多还原