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太原西山煤田杜儿坪垒状断裂带的几何学与运动学分析

Geometrical and Dynamical Analysis of Duerping Horst-shape Fault Belt in Xishan Coal Field of Taiyuan

【作者】 熊浩

【导师】 郭敏泰;

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 , 矿产普查与勘探, 2010, 硕士

【摘要】 太原西山煤田地块处于沁水煤田西北缘,是山西省重要的煤矿开采区。煤田总体上为一个东翼宽缓、西翼陡倾的向斜形态,中生代末期,由于强烈的燕山构造运动使得华北克拉通结晶基底发生破裂解体,太原西山煤田内部受到燕山期侵入岩体的强烈破坏,形成了复杂的构造形态,如北东向平行展布的五组垒状断裂带。然而,有关太原西山煤田内部垒状断裂带的几何学、运动学、动力学、年代学、发育演化过程、以及密集分布的断裂之间的关系等,尚无人做深入的剖析,限制了对区内构造应力场和构造演变过程的深度认知。本文以太原西山煤田内部五组垒状断裂带之一的杜儿坪断裂带为研究对象,对其周边近40Km2面积内进行了密集的构造露头观测,查明了该断裂带的三维几何学特征,并基于三维体平衡原理解析了研究区内不同断块的运动方向和运动量,应用耦合地质学原理对区域内断裂形变、岩体侵入等多种过程的耦合联动关系进行剖析,建立事件-时间-空间的序列关系,研究结果将有助于揭示山西地幔上涌带和壳幔减薄带的演变、了解华北克拉通的破坏过程、预防断裂活动引起的地质灾害以及优化区内煤矿采掘面布设。陷落柱是太原西山煤田煤系地层中普遍发育的一种特殊的隐伏地质现象,对煤炭开采具有很大影响。岩溶水强烈的侵蚀作用是形成陷落柱的主要原因之一,陷落柱也往往也是沿着地下水丰富的位置发育。而与地表断裂构造的发育相连通的下伏基岩中的裂隙正是理想的地下水运移通道,表层构造产生的破碎带也正是地下水重要的补给路径。因此,搞清地表断裂构造产生的破碎带发育规律,就能知道地下水运移规律,对进一步探讨下伏煤系地层中的隐伏陷落柱的空间分布特征具有重要意义。本文研究结果表明,杜儿坪垒状断裂带由北东和北北西向两组断裂带组成。其中北东向断裂组成垒状形态,形成原因是由于深部地幔岩浆上涌导致表层脆性岩层发生伸展张裂,然后在重力作用下不同块体发生不均匀沉陷而形成垒状构造;北北西向断层是由于受研究区东部边山断裂形成的影响,由于盆地所在的上盘岩层下降时产生拖拽作用,不同部位为平衡这种拖拽力而发生错动,从而形成阶梯状展布的构造形态。

【Abstract】 The TaiYuan Xi’shan coal field land block is in northwest QinShui coal field, is the important Coal mining area in ShanXi province. As a whole , the coal field is an east wing delaying, west wing steep dipping syncline .At the final stage of Mesozoic Era, the intense Yanshan tectonic movement enabled the North China Craton crystalline basement to have the breakage and disintegration. The interior of TaiYuan XiShan coal field received the intense destruction from intrusive bodies in Yanshan time. For this reason, the coal field formed complex conformation, such as five group of parallel horst fault belt along northeast.However, the geometry, the kinematics, dynamics, the chronology, the growth evolutionary process, as well as the relations between dense distributed breaks and other subjects related to Taiyuan Xishan coal field interior horst fault belt nobody has made a thorough analysis yet. This limited depth cognition to this area about the tectonic stress field and tectonic evolution process. In this paper, the investigated object is DuerPing fault belt, the one of five group of horst fault belts in TaiYuan XiShan coal field. Aiming at configurating the three-dimensional geometry of the DuerPing fault belt, the author undertook a field investigation in a well-outcropped area of about 40Km2. Then based on the 3D body-balance principle, the direction and amount of displacement and rotation of the faulted blocks in this belt were analyzed; by means of the coupling geology principle, the fault deformation, the rock invasion and many other kinds of process’s coupling linkaged relations were analyzed; the event - time - space sequence relations were built. The findings will be helpful in revealing the evolution of Shanxi mantle upwelling belt and the lithosphere thinning belt, understanding the North China Craton’s destruction process, preventing geological disaster because of fault activity as well as optimizing layout on coal mine working face.The collapse column is one kind of special hidden geology phenomenon, it is widespread developed in the coal measures stratum of Taiyuan Xishan coal field, it has the very tremendous influence on coal mining. One primary cause of forming collapse column is the karstic water intense corrosive nature, the ground water rich place often is the collapse column growth place. Underlying bedrock’s crevasse which connects with the surface faulting is the ground water ideal migration path. The surface fault belt is also the important supplies channel for ground water.Therefore, Clarifies developmental mechanism of crushed belt which produces by the surface fault structure, can know the ground water migration rule, this rule have important meaning to further discusses on spatial distribution character of hidden collapse column in underlying coal measures stratum. The findings indicated that Duerping horst fault belt is composed of northeast and north north-west two groups of fault belts. And northeast trending fault belt is a step horst, the Forming reason is because deep mantle rock magma upwelling caused the extensional faulting on surface brittle strata, then under the action of gravity, different blocks had the unequal settlement and finally formed horst structure.The north north-west trending fault belt was influenced by the forming process on marginal fault belt at the east of research area. Hanging layer in basin produced drag force when it decreased, the original north north-west trending layer broken into land blocks and moved out of their place in order to balance this kind of drag force. Thus the fault terrace belt formed.

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