【作者】 王体迎；

【导师】 刘澜；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 汽车是能源消耗和污染物排放的主要来源。随着我国汽车保有量的急剧增加,环境排污问题日益严重。当前我国汽车排污控制水平仅相当于发达国家20世纪70年代中后期水平,汽车产生的大量污染物集中在城市道路中排放。同时由于我国城市道路交通路网及配套设施的相对落后,不但使交通拥堵问题日趋突出,而且使由于汽车排放而导致的环境污染也日益严重。因此对城市汽车排放污染综合控制的研究已成为当前一项非常紧迫的工作。本文从分析汽车排放污染物的生成和扩散机理出发,以汽(柴)油机及城市运行的汽车为研究对象,用理论分析的方法对汽车排放污染物的影响因素和扩散机理进行研究；在此基础上,根据国内外对汽车排放污染物的控制法规规定,主要对排放污染物中CO、HC、NOX及微粒的排放控制技术和综合技术应用加以研究。目前国内外对汽车排放污染物的控制技术重点是机内控制技术和机外控制技术,本文首次将机内控制技术、机外控制技术、外环境控制技术从横向进行了综合,力图构建“机内-机外-外环境”综合控制技术,并对如何运用该技术进行了一定程度的探讨。笔者认为对“机内-机外-外环境”三大技术的综合运用可以从短期运用和中长期运用两个方面来分析。从短期运用的角度来看,应通过优先选择低排放的发动机和积极实施科学的城市交通控制管理来达到实时控制城市汽车排污的目的。在控制技术在中长期应用方案中,首先要以“外环境控制技术”的开发应用为主,同时也应着手考虑交通规划层次的技术对策和措施；其次是重点加强对“机内-机外控制技术”的开发应用,同时也应继续坚持机动车检测／维修计划和进一步强调交通规划的落实。第三阶段主要考虑的是交通规划方面的问题,同时兼顾交通管理措施的实施。通过这三阶段各措施的分层落实,以求达到科学长效的排污控制目的,同时又能兼顾控制成本和控制效果的最优化。这一综合控制观点的提出以及对综合运用中各层次技术的开发运用观点,是对我国城市交通汽车排污综合控制研究进行的一点有益探索,希望能对促进我国城市大气环境污染的改善,确保城市交通的协调发展具有一定的理论和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Auto is a main source of energy consumption and polluted emissions.As the static of car owners roars dramaticly,environment pollution has become more more serious day by day.Presently,our standard to control vehicle emissions is equivalent to that in the 20th century 70s,which was implemented in the the developed countries.The most vechile pollution is emitted concentratedly on the urban road.And,as the backwardness of the urban road network and related facilities,traffic jams and congestion becomes increasingly serious,furthermore,the pollution of vehicle emissions draws a worse damage toward our living environment day by day.Thus,surveys about comprehensive control of vehicle emissions has become a very urgent job.The formation and diffusion mechanism of vehicle emissions is analyzed firstly in the paper,and it takes gasoline (diesel) engines as well as the moving cars as research objects,studies the influencing factors and diffusion mechanisms of vehicle emissions by the means of theoretical analysis.Then,as the basis of it,according to the law about vehicle emissions pollutant,the paper mainly studys emission control technology and comprehensive application technology on CO,HC,NOx,and particle which is mainly existed in vehicle emissions.Now,the main control technologies at home and abroad are engine inside control technique and engine outside control technique.This paper combines the mentioned two techniques with external environment control technique horizontally,and proposes "Engine inside-Engineoutside-Externalenvironment"comprehensive control technique,besides,generally introduces the application about the technique.The author approves that the comprehensive application about three techniques can be analyzed from short-term application and long-term application.In the short-term application, to achieve the aim of controlling urban autos emissions on time,lower emissions engine should be used firstly,then,control and management of urban traffic should be actively implemented scientifically.In the long-term application, to begin with,External Environment Control Technique needs to develop and apply mainly,simultaneity,technical countermeasure also should be taken into account in the traffic planning.Secondly,endeavor after the development and application of the "Engine inside-Engine outside control technique",and stick to fulfilling the Motor vehicle inspection and maintenance program and the enhancem about traffic planning.Thirdly,focus on the traffic planning program as well as the implementation of traffic management measures.After the three steps,the vehicle emissions could be in a sustainable and effective control,besides,the cost and effect are mostly optimized too.The proposed ideas of comprehensive control techniques and comprehensive applications are based on the study on the comprehensive control of the urban traffic emissions in china.It may be helpful to improve the urban’s air conditions, and has a certain theoretical and practical significance on the coordinated development of urban traffic.更多还原