【作者】 张鹏飞；

【导师】 周大迈； 张爱军；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 硒是人体正常生理过程中必需的微量元素之一。食物中的硒是人体获取硒元素的主要来源,而食物中的硒直接或者间接来源于土壤。由于土壤中的硒含量在地球表面上的分布极不均匀,一些地区严重缺硒(我国低硒地区约占国土面积的30%左右)。因此,通过施硒提高粮食中硒含量来满足人体正常生理过程中对硒的需求具有重要意义。本文采用田间试验和盆栽试验方法,进行了谷子富硒品种筛选、不同施硒方式和不同施硒时期等试验,研究了谷子品种富硒差异、施硒对谷子生长特性及籽粒品质的影响,以期为进一步开发富硒小米提供理论依据。谷子富硒及优质性状品种筛选试验表明:不同品种籽粒硒含量存在着一定的差异,平均含硒量为0.075mg/kg,硒含量变幅为0.053～0.152 mg/kg;不同谷子品种的硒和蛋白质含量、产量存在较为丰富的遗传变异,以晋谷29蛋白质和硒含量最高,冀谷20表现出产量最高。叶面施硒对谷子品种硒富集及品质影响试验结果表明:两种(60 g/hm2和120 g/hm2)叶面施硒处理,可使七个谷子品种的籽粒硒含量分别达到1.022～1.644 mg/kg、1.853～2.269 mg/kg,是未施硒的15.4、23.8倍,但对籽粒产量的影响无显著差异。叶面施硒增加多数试验品种籽粒中蛋白质含量;叶面喷施使冀谷22籽粒中可溶性糖和赖氨酸含量略有增加,使晋谷34籽粒中可溶性糖减少,对其他品种可溶性糖和赖氨酸含量的影响均无显著差异。通过田间试验,研究了不同时期施硒对谷子富硒及品质的影响。结果表明:随着植株生长发育期的推进,施硒使三个谷子品种(本地谷、晋谷29、冀优2号)含硒量表现出相同的增加趋势:空白处理<拔节期<齐穗期<灌浆期。不同时期施硒(150g/hm2)处理可以提高籽粒中可溶性蛋白质的含量和部分品种中的蛋白质含量,后期施硒使籽粒中可溶性糖含量增加的几率及比例大于前期施硒,齐穗期施硒可以使籽粒中赖氨酸含量增加。采用盆栽试验研究了谷子(冀优2号和晋谷34)施硒拌种对早期其硒富集及长势的影响。试验结果表明:随施硒量增加,两个品种地上部和地下部含硒量随之增加并呈显著相关。谷子根部硒含量明显大于地上部。适量拌种处理理促进植株的出苗、成活和干物重积累,超过一定拌种量则会抑制,但两个品种适宜量略有差异。通过田间试验研究了不同施硒方式对谷子(冀优2号)硒富集分布、籽粒品质及叶绿素a荧光参数的影响。结果表明:施硒量(0-30g/hm2)与谷子籽粒中含硒量存在极显著相关。叶面施硒利用率明显高于拌种施硒。收获期空白处理各器官中硒浓度依次为:根>叶>茎>籽粒。收获期拌种处理各器官中硒浓度依次为:根>叶>籽粒>茎,随着施硒量的增加根部硒浓度比例明显增加。叶面施硒处理谷子体中硒浓度:叶>根>籽粒>茎,随着施硒量的增加叶中硒浓度比例明显增加。两种施硒方式对谷子产量没有显著性影响。叶面施硒方式有利于提高谷子光合效率,从而有助于提高籽粒品质。叶面施硒较拌种施硒更有利于提高籽粒中蛋白质、淀粉及赖氨酸含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Selenium is one of the essential trace elements which plays important roles in normal physiology of human body. Food which absorb selenium from the soil directly or indirectly, are main sources for human beings to get selenium. However, the distribution of selenium in the soil is extremely limited on the earth’s surface. The lack of selenium is especially serious in some areas(For example,about 30% of the national territory of China are selenium shortage seriously). So to develop the Se-enriched food is very important for meeting the demand of selenium of the human body. In this paper, we do experiments in the following aspects: variety different Se-enriched of millet, different fertilizing methods of seleminu and different period application of selenium by field and pot methods, respectively, to explore the effect of Se-riched differences of millet, selenium on growth characteristics and grain quality, which will enrich the theory basis of exploiting Se-enriched millet.The field experiment was carried out to screen of Se-enriched and High quality traits in millet. The result showed that Se contents in grains of the nine varieties of millet were appeared to be greatly diversified, the average contents of selenium was 0.075mg/kg and deviation range was 0.053～0.152 mg/kg. Moreover, protein contents and yield in millet landraces germplasms exhibited wide genetic diversity, showed that protein and selenium of Jingu29 was highest, the yield of JiGu 20 was the highest.The field experiment was carried out to study the effects of foliar application of Na2SeO3 on contents of Se, protein, soluble sugar and lysine acid in grains. The results showed that the two treatments (60 g/hm2 and 120 g/hm2) of foliar application Na2SeO3 could increase Se contents in grains of the seven varieties of millet up to 1.022~1.644 mg/kg and 1.853~2.269 mg/kg, which were 15.4 and 23.8 times higher than those in control treatment respectively. Moreover, the grain yields of the seven varieties of millet showed negative correlation with foliar application of Na2SeO3. There was significant increase of protein contents in most the varieties of millets with foliar application of Na2SeO3. The soluble sugar and lysine acid in grains of Jigu22 were increased significantly by foliar application of Na2SeO3, but the soluble sugar of Jingu34 was reduced significantly, while there were no significant effects on the other varieties of millet. The field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different-period application of selenium on contents of Se and quality in grains of millet. The results showed that Se content of the three varieties of millet (Foxtail Millet, Jingu29,Jiyou.No.2) was increasing with the plants growing:CK< jointing stage < full heading stage < grain filling stage. There was increasing protein and soluble protein contents in grain of millets with different-period application of selenium(150g/hm2). The application of selenium in late stage would increase soluble sugar content more than early and application of selenium in full heading stage would increase lysine content in grain of millet.The pot experiment of planting two cultivars (Jiyou.No.2 and Jingu 34) was carried out to study the effect of seed dressing with selenium on Se concents and growing of millet. The results showed that Se contents was increased with the increasing of selenium supply and was significantly correlated in shoot and root, roots was significantly higher than above ground parts of millet. Moreover, emergence, survival and dry matter accumulation of millet was increased with the proper level of selenium supply,but they were inhibited the high level of selenium and the two varieties of millet slightly difference.A field experiment of was carried out to study the effect of different fertilizing methods of selenium on concentration and distribution, grain quality and the kinetics parameters of chlorophyll fluorescenc of millet (Jiyou.No.2). The results showed that Se content in grain was significantly related with the increase of selenium supply (0-30g/hm2). Effect of foliar application of selenium on Se content in grain was significantly higher than seed dressing with selenium. The distribution of Se content in organs of blank were root > leaf > stem>grain. The distribution of Se content in organs of seed dressing treatments were root>leaf> grain >stem, the proportion of Se concent in root increased significantly with the increase of selenium supply. The distribution of Se content in organs of spraying selenium treatments were leaf>root> grain >stem. The proportion of Selenium concent in leaf increased significantly with the increase of selenium supply. The two fertilizing methods of seleminu had no significant influence on the yield of the millet. foliar application of selenium improved photosynthetic efficiency of millet, which help to improve grain quality. Proteinand lysine contents in grain was increased the spraying selenium favorable than the seed dressing.更多还原