【作者】 裴新彦；

【导师】 聂珍钊；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 丹尼尔·笛福是一位在世界文学史中占有重要地位的18世纪英国著名小说家,常被人称为“第一位英国小说家”。他一生创作了大量作品,涉及政论文章、经济著作、散文评论等诸多方面,《鲁滨孙飘流记》奠定了他在英国文学史上举足轻重的地位。另外还有四部精彩的小说：《辛格顿船长》、《摩尔·弗兰德斯》、《杰克上校》、《罗克珊娜》。《鲁滨孙飘流记》刚一出现,就成为一部畅销的冒险小说,在当时几乎人手一册,而作品反映出的思想性和艺术性则引起各国研究者的重视。本文重点分析《鲁滨孙飘流记》中的伦理思想,鲁滨孙从人类社会沦落到没有人烟的荒岛上到最后的重返人类社会,经历了从社会到自然再到社会环境的转换。论文的重点在鲁滨孙流落荒岛之后,面对由自然组成的自然伦理环境,如何自觉地去适应并改造这个环境,从被动到主动,从无序到有序,建立起一个自给自足的王国,逐步在荒岛上建立一个新的社会伦理环境。目前对鲁滨孙荒岛生存的研究,多是从他身上体现出的资产阶级上升时期的进取精神和荒岛文学入手,用文学伦理学思想进行分析还不多见。本文分为三章。第一章分析鲁滨孙从人类社会陷入无人荒岛所面临的处境,这个自然环境的情况,鲁滨孙如何克服最初上岛的恐惧,积极适应荒岛环境,与岛上生物进行生存斗争,让自己在荒岛生存下去。第二章分析鲁滨孙身上兽性向人性的转变。流落荒岛前身上的兽性因素更明显,违背父子伦理,狂热追逐财富,这种对和谐和平衡的打破,把鲁滨孙引入荒岛；在荒岛上,鲁滨孙慢慢实现了人性的复归,理性又回到了他的身上。第三章着重分析鲁滨孙如何建立荒岛上的伦理社会,用宗教来建立共同的伦理观念,用契约来约束上岛的人。只是鲁滨孙所信仰的宗教是一种“实用”的宗教,是一种为我所用的宗教；而契约则在鲁滨孙的生活中最大限度的泛化,人际关系在他的生活中没有位置,甚至于友情和爱情也是一种契约组合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Daniel Defoe was a famous British novelist, occupied an important position in the history of the 18th worldwide literature, and often called "the first English novelist." Of his life he created a lot of works, involving political essays, the economy works, and created comments on other aspects. He had a pivotal position in the history of English literature by his novel "Robinson Crusoe". There were also four wonderful novels: "Captain Singleton", "Moore·Flanders," "Colonel Jack", "Roxana" "Robinson Crusoe" became a best-selling adventure novel just appeared. Almost everyone had this book at that time. This novel’s ideological and artistic works caught the researchers’attention.This article analyzes the ethics in "Robinson Crusoe", Robinson was reduced to a desert island with no human habitation from the human society, and finally returned the human society. It analyzes the transformation from the social environment to the natural environment. It focuses on the ethical natural environment which Robinson confronted after living on a desert island. And analyzes Robinson how to adapt the environment, establish a self-sufficient kingdom, and gradually establish a new social and ethical environment on a desert island. The study of Robinson’desert island survival is mostly from the bourgeois entrepreneurial spirit and the island literature, starting with an ethical approach in literary criticism is also rare.This essay is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes the island environment which Robinson confronted with no one exist, and Robinson how to overcome the initial fear on the island, and actively adapted to the desert island with the environment, the struggle with the island biological for existence. The second chapter analyzes Robinson’s change from animal to the human body. Robinson’s animal nature was obvious before he drift aged to island. Going against the father and son ethics, pursuing of wealth fanatically, such a break to the harmony and balance brought Robinson to the desert island. On the island, Robinson slowly realized the humanity reversion, rational back to him. The third chapter focused on analysis of how to build a desert island with Robinson’s ethical society, using religion to establish a common ethical value, with the contract to restrain the person on the island. The religion Robinson just believed in was a "practical" religion, a religion for our own use. And contract played a significant role in Robinson’s life, interpersonal relationships had no position, even friendship and love was also a contract portfolio.更多还原