胡适语文教育观对当前语文教学的启示

【作者】 张瑜；

【导师】 王惠来；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 古今中外对于胡适的研究多不胜数,主要涉及文学、哲学、历史、教育等领域。他对中国教育的贡献是重大而多方面的,也是现代语文教育的重要开拓者之一。他最早将西方教育理论引入中国中学语文教育界,推动了语文教育由传统向现代的转换,为中国语文教育的现代化做出了巨大的贡献。本研究通过对胡适相关作品的分析,系统阐述其语文教育观形成的背景、形成的过程、构成和内涵以及对当前语文教学的启示。在语文课程目标方面,胡适要求达到“人人能用国语(白话)自由发表思想”,以白话打破文言的垄断,主张增强学生的主体意识。在课程内容方面,他重视国语教育和文学教育,认为文学教育可以对学生进行思想情感的熏陶,并在教材编写方面提出了建设性意见。在教学方面,他强调突出学生的主体地位,注重学生的个性发展,培养学生的自学能力,本文分别从阅读教学、作文教学、口语交际教学三个方面进行了论述。他的理论中有很多独到的见解,对当今的语文教学有很大的启示,如主张增强学生的主体意识,提倡学生自主学习、自由发表思想,尤其是创造性地在中学教学中加入了演讲和辩论的内容,表明了对学生口语交际能力的重视。另外本论文在论述胡适语文教育观对当前语文教育的积极影响的同时,也不失公允地对它的局限性进行了论述,力求对其语文教育观有一个客观、公正的认识。以往对胡适语文教育观的研究大多停留在某一个方面,例如单单研究其语文教育阅读观或目标观,存在着零碎、非全面的不足。本文在研读完《胡适全集》、《胡适文集》、《胡适口述自传》等原著的基础上,查阅课程标准和课程纲要等相关教育文献,进行细心梳理,力求对其语文教育观作全面、系统的分析和评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 No matter where it is, at home or abroad, there is a lot of researches into the Chinese famous writer,Hushi,who made many important contributions in many fields of Chinese education, including literature,phylosophy,and history. He is one of the important poineers of modern Chinese language education. He is the first to have introduced the western teaching theories to Chinese language education in middle schools,thus promoting the change of Chinese language education from classic to modern.Hushi made great contributions to modern Chinese language education.With an analysis of his relative works, the research systematically expounds the background and process of his view forming of Chinese language education, combination,connotation and inspiration to contemporary Chinese language education.In the Chinese curriculum goals,Hushi demanded that "Everyone can express thoughts freely in the national language(the vernacular)",and that the vernacular should be used to break the momopoly of classical Chinese language.and he also advocated to enhance student awareness of subject.In the curriculum contents,he stressed the national language and literary education and he thought that literary education could have influence on students’ thoughts and feelings.In the preprations of teaching materials, he put forward some constructive views. In teaching, he emphasized the highlight of the dominant position of students, the focus on students’ personal development and students self-learning abilities.This article analysizes three aspects,reading teaching, writing teaching and oral communication teaching.He had many unique theoretical views and gave great inspiration to nowadays Chinese language teaching.Take the following for example,he claimed to enhance students’ awareness of subject, students self-learning,and to express thoughts freely.And especially he added speeking and arguing to middle school teaching,showing his value of students’oral communication ability.Also, this essay both states his positive effect on contemporary Chinese teaching and points out his limitation fairly,aiming at forming an objective fair recognition. The former researches made on Hushi’s Chinese teaching view mostly focused on a certain aspect, for example, the only reseach on his reading view of Chinese education or objective view, which is odd and not all sided.However, by depending on the research on Complete Works of Hushi, Hu Shi Anthology and Oral Autobiography of Hushi,by reading relative articles about curriculum standards and syllabuses and carefully arranged, this article has been aimed to make an all-sided systematic analysis and assessment of Hushi’s Chinese language educational view.更多还原