【作者】 王一卉；

【导师】 李天义；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 音乐学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 音乐是一种声音,它能净化内心、体验愉悦；音乐是一种语言,它能沟通心灵、描绘心绪；音乐是一种力量,它能启发精神,激扬思想。伴随着人们对音乐与自身生理、心理关系的认知的不断深化以及社会的发展进步,从最初人类懵懂的认识到建立真正的学科,从在巫术和宗教仪式上使用的音乐到现代临床实践中运用的各种音乐活动,从音乐与医学的最初结合到音乐与众多学科的交叉,音乐治疗已发展成为心理咨询和治疗技术中的重要分支之一音乐治疗是一门既古老又新颖的课题,作为治疗手段,音乐从远古就被运用到巫术和宗教仪式之中,成为祈求神灵,治疗疾病一部分；而作为学科发展,音乐治疗仅走过了六十年的发展历程,在我国,从1979年西方现代音乐治疗的概念和方法开始传入到今天,也只有三十余年的历史。目前,我国的音乐治疗研究还处在起步和探索阶段,在临床实践方面,较多运用在医疗机构,而在高校应用很少。在高等院校大力加强和改进大学生心理健康教育的背景下,以大学生对心理辅导和咨询的新方法、新手段的不断需求以及对音乐治疗领域拓展的需要为契机,本研究在总结前人的实践经验和理论研究的基础上,尝试以团体心理辅导和音乐治疗技术为手段,以解决大学生成长中的发展问题为出发点,探索促进大学生健康人格发展的有效途径。在文献研究中,从音乐治疗的概念、取向、发展历程、理论基础、干预层次与方法、国内外研究现状等方面进行了总结和述评。理论研究目的是推动实践应用的进一步发展与完善。实验设计采用对实验组进行相关的前后测量的组内实验法,以12名大学生为研究对象,对实验组成员实施每周2次、每次90-120分钟、共8次的音乐团体治疗。效果考察采用问卷和访谈、量化与质性相结合的方式,研究音乐团体治疗对大学生心理健康水平的促进作用。实验研究结果表明：音乐团体治疗能够提高和促进客观的自我价值感的形成,增进大学生的自我容纳水平,使其进一步了解和认识自我；在容纳他人方面,通过治疗,大学生容纳他人的能力明显提高,能够正确全面的认识他人,从而更加关心和理解他人,对社交环境的回避和苦恼状态明显降低；音乐团体治疗从整体上解决了成员成长过程中的一些发展性心理问题,促进了成员的人格成长,改善成员总体上的心理健康的水平。同时,研究者通过对团体过程的观察分析,结合研究结果和实践经验,设计了一套符合大学生心理特点的音乐团体治疗活动方案,总结出高校音乐团体治疗应用的可行性、特点及误区。最后,针对本研究的不足之处进行了反思与展望,从实践运用和未来研究方向等方面对高校开展音乐治疗工作提出了的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Music purifies peoples’mind and spread pleasure, helps people communicate and understand each other, inspires and enlightens them. Music therapy, a combination of music and psychological treatment, has existed for thousands of years. Its early form can be recognized in various ritual services of ancient times. As a modern science, however, it only came to existence about 60 years ago. As we know more about music and ourselves, both physically and psychologically, music therapy has become an indispensable branch in modern psychological therapy and medical treatment.Modern music therapy was introduced into China around 30 years ago and its application has just started and is mainly confined to hospitals. Given the fact that psychological health of university students has received much attention in recent years, it becomes timely to study how to apply music therapy to help students deal with the various problems that they face in their studies and daily lives, and explore implementations that best suit them. In the present study, we aim to employ group psychological treatment and music therapy to help university students solve their daily problems and explore how to help them develop a healthy character.We first survey the relevant literature about music therapy and summarize the status of present research with the aim of laying down the framework for the present study.We have chosen 12 volunteers to form an experimental group and have organized 2 group therapy activities of 90-120 minutes per week, which lasted in total 4 weeks. We then have studied the effects of these group therapy activities through questionnaire and interview by comparing the responses of the 12 volunteers before and after the therapy.Our results showed that group music therapy has greatly enhanced the self-recognition of the members of the experimental group. As a result, the students became more understanding, more willing to accept others, and more eager to attend various social activities. Both the questionnaire and interview clearly showed that after the treatment the members became more open and optimistic about life in general.Through the present study, we have accumulated valuable experience and learned how to apply music therapy to university students. Meanwhile, we have found out some characteristics of music therapy in this particular setting and clarified certain common misunderstandings among the students about music therapy and psychological health.Finally, we have tried to understand, in retrospect, the drawbacks of the present study and proposed how to improve such a study and/or the effects of such music therapy treatments in future. We have also provided some specific suggestions on applications of music therapy to university students.更多还原