【作者】 张金鹏；

【导师】 卢欣石；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 草业科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 沙化草地治理是呼伦贝尔地区近年来亟待解决的重大问题。本研究采用宏观与微观相结合、野外调查与实验室分析相结合的手段,运用生态学基本原理和方法,以呼伦贝尔地区沙化草地人工植被恢复技术研究为切入点,重点开展了有关该地区三种不同恢复技术恢复效果比较、不同恢复年限最适技术恢复效果评价和最适恢复模式植被群落种间生态位体积和生态位重叠等研究,得到如下结论：(1)在呼伦贝尔沙化草地上采取不同恢复措施后,植被群落结构发生规律性变化：强沙生植物和季节性一年生植物逐渐退出群落,多年生植物在群落中逐渐占据优势地位；植被群落平均高度、平均盖度、地上生物量及地下生物量较未采取恢复措施的对照样地均有增加；土壤理化和养分条件得到明显改善。比较三种不同恢复模式后,可知采用围封条件下布设草方格沙障并进行人工播种(冰草+羊柴+小叶锦鸡儿+小麦)恢复模式的恢复效果优于其他两种模式,是最适合呼伦贝尔地区沙化草地治理的人工植被恢复技术模式。(2)随着恢复年限的延长,围封条件下布设草方格沙障并进行人工播种(冰草+羊柴+小叶锦鸡儿+小麦)模式的植被群落盖度、平均高度、地上生物量、地下生物量等呈显著增加的趋势,人工建群植物冰草和羊柴在群落中优势地位明显,土壤理化性质进一步得到改善,群落生存环境逐渐好转,一些已经消退的多年生植物重新侵入群落,季节性一年生植物逐渐退出群落,形成以冰草、羊柴等人工建植多年生植物为主,大针茅、糙隐子草等自然恢复多年生植物为辅的稳定共存的人工-天然植被群落结构。(3)对于不同恢复年限人工播种建植群落物种生态位体积及生态位重叠的研究表明：人工固沙植物冰草(Agropyron pectinatum (Bieb.)Beauv)的平均生态位体积在时间尺度上,呈持续增加趋势,是改良沙化草地的优良草种；小麦(Triticum aestivuml L.)与小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam.)、冰草与羊柴(Hedysarum laeve Maxim.)生态位重叠值为0.9213和0.7512,在演替过程中具较强的竞争作用。自然恢复植物与人工播种植物间,多数生态位重叠值不高。自然恢复多年生植物大针茅(Stipa grandis P.Smirn.)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa (Trin.) Keng)等逐渐出现,表明该地区植被群落结构向稳定共存方向发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to restore vegetation in Hulunbeir’s desertified grassland,this research study on the parts below.the comparison of three different recovery techniques,the evaluation of artificial planting vegetation in different periods,the interspecific niche relations of artificial sand-fixation plants.The conclusion as following:After using three different recovery techniques,the vegetation community structure and soil physical and chemical indicators have increased significantly.The best mode of recovery technique is plant Agropyron pectinatum (Bieb.)Beauv+Hedysarum laeve Maxim+Caragana microphylla Lam.+Triticum aestivuml L.in checkboard belt settled in enclosure desertified grassland.In the different periods(1a,3a,4a,5a), the vegetation community structure and soil physical and chemical indicators have increased significantly under this mode. Agropyron Pectinnatum (Bieb.)Beauv was the dominance species in the improvement of desertified grassland in this area.The study on the niche overlaps showed that,between A pectinatum and H. leave,T.aestivuml and C.microphylla have strong competitive capacities in community succession; But the niche overlaps between nature resume plants and artificial seeding plants weren’t high, the gradual appearance of Cl.Squarrosa and St.grandis indicated the community of this area were developing to a stably co-exist artificial-nature state.更多还原