【作者】 李敏；

【导师】 杨建英；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 农村环境建设是社会主义新农村建设的重要组成。解决“三农”问题和全面建设农村小康社会也都需要一个良好的农村生态环境。目前,冀东城郊山区农村环境污染严重,农村环境问题已经引起有关方面足够的重视,但是依然存在农民环保意识淡薄、环境基础设施落后、乡镇企业管理不力、农村环保管理基础薄弱、农村环境保护需要的技术与保护措施目前几乎为空白等问题。农村环境保护是一项系统工程,不仅要增强意识、健全法规,而且还要加大对农村环境污染的治理力度。本文在对国内外有关农村生态环境治理的理论与实践总结研究的基础上,从土地流失、治理措施、土地利用方式、生态功能等的相似性考虑,针对水土流失状况、水环境状况、水土资源开发利用以及人类活动等特点布设不同的治理措施,提出“以整个流域为单元,以保护水源为中心,坚持山、水、田、林、路的统一规划,工程、生物、农业技术措施相结合,实施污水、厕所、垃圾、河道和环境同步治理”的冀东城郊山区农村环境综合治理新模式,并以唐山市丰润区上水路村生态环境综合治理工程为例进行研究。研究表明,通过治理之后显著增加了山区农村的保水量和保土量,提高了垃圾的无害化处理和污水处理率,有效控制了人为污染,改善了水质,涵养了水源,提高了植被覆盖率,提高了农民收入水平,促进了生态、经济、社会三方面的协调发展,有助于实现山区农村的可持续发展,该模式对冀东城郊山区农村环境建设有实际指导意义,值得总结经验,推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural environment construction is an important part of new socialist countryside construction. Good ecological environment in the countryside is the need to solve the agricultural problems and to construct the rural well-off society in all-round. At present, the rural environmental pollution in the suburbs of Hebei east mountainous area is serious, and there is enough attention paid to it, but the peasantry is deficient in the sense of environmental protection, the environmental infrastructure fall behind, the township enterprises poor operation and management, the rural environmental protection institution is unsound and technology and measure needed by rural environmental protection is almost nothing.Firstly, by reviewing the theories and practices from both domestic and overseas on rural environment management, focus the protection of water sources, considers the similarity of soil and water loss, treatment measures, land use patterns, ecological functions, according to the characteristics of status of soil and water loss, status of water environment, water and land utilization and human activity to layout different treatment measures, proposes a new renovation pattern of rural environment in Heibei east mountainous area:"taking the watershed as a unit, regarding water resource protection as the central goal, persist in the principles of mountains, rivers, farmland, forests and roads unified planning, the sewage, toilet, rubbish, river and environmental shall be synchronized which by the organic combination of engineering, biological and agricultural measures."and takes Shangshuilu countryside environment management project as actual research example.The research demonstrates that the suburbs of mountainous area environment management can increase soil and water conservation, improve pollution-free waste treatment rate and sewage treatment rate, control artificial pollution, improve water quality, conserve water, improve vegetation coverage, and enhance famers income, and which would promote coordinated growth on local ecological, social and economical aspects. The research can promote sustainable development of mountainous area, and which project has the practical leading meaning to the suburbs of Hebei east mountainous area environment construction in mountainous area, should sum up experience and spreading and applying.更多还原