【作者】 郑少杰；

【导师】 张秀菊；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 材料学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究通过对几种天然高分子材料—壳聚糖、β-环糊精和瓜尔胶进行接枝改性,研究其在不同实验条件下对染料废水吸附性能的影响,对印染行业染料废水的处理有一定的指导作用。本研究首先制备了β-环糊精微球,再将壳聚糖键接到β-环糊精微球上,合成新的衍生物,利用X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和比表面孔径测定仪表征原料和产物的结构和微观形貌,通过改变搅拌时间、温度和pH值等实验条件比较原料和键接产物对甲基橙溶液的吸附效果。研究结果表明,壳聚糖键接β-环糊精微球对甲基橙的吸附效果要比β-环糊精微球和壳聚糖好,且键接产物的吸附量随温度和pH值升高而增大,最大吸附量可达到20 mg·g-1,其吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附模型,是非自发的吸热过程。其次,本研究将瓜尔胶键接到β-环糊精微球上,制备了一系列衍生物,利用X射线衍射仪和傅立叶变换红外光谱表征原料和键接产物的结构,采用酚酞分光光度法测定系列键接产物中β-环糊精的含量,通过改变各种实验条件和吸附剂种类,研究不同键接产物对碱性品红的吸附性能。结果表明反应时间为2h,氯丙基羟基瓜尔胶：β-环糊精微球：碳酸钠的质量配比为0.6：0.8：1.0时的键接产物对碱性品红的吸附量最高,达到24mg·g-1。为了提高对酸性染料的吸附效果,利用阳离子醚化剂,将制得的瓜尔胶键接β-环糊精微球阳离子化,得到阳离子化衍生物,接着改变阳离子化衍生物的离子化程度,研究其对酸性大红GR的吸附情况,研究表明常温下,pH=7.5,搅拌时间为50min, Zeta电位值为-5.53mv时的阳离子化衍生物对酸性大红GR的最大吸附量可达到50 mg·g-1。此外,本研究还分别将纳米锂藻土和纳米蒙脱土原位复合到聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶里,制备有机—无机复合水凝胶,分别改变单体和纳米锂藻土／纳米蒙脱土的加入量以及温度、浓度、pH值等实验条件,考察复合水凝胶对碱性品红的吸附情况。结果发现：随着锂藻土和蒙脱土加入量的增多,水凝胶的吸附量增幅并不明显；随着丙烯酰胺单体加入量的增加,对于锂藻土复合水凝胶而言,吸附量显著增加,由4.62 mg·g-1增加到24.45 mg·g-1,而蒙脱土复合水凝胶的吸附量明显下降；提高染料废水溶液的pH值和温度,锂藻土复合水凝胶的吸附量分别提高了11.10 mg·g-1和1.84 mg·g-1,而蒙脱土复合水凝胶的吸附量增幅不明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Some natural macromolecular materials such as chitosan,β-cyclodextrin and guar gum were modified in this research. The effect of absorption capacity of derivatives by changing the environmental condition was studied, which could provide a useful guide for the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater.Theβ-cyclodextrin microsphere was prepared firstly, and then the chitosan was bonded on it to form a new derivative. XRD, FTIR, SEM and surface area determinator were used to characterize the structure and micro-morphology of derivatives and stuff. Raw materials were compared with derivative in absorbing methyl orange through changing stirring time, temperature and pH value. It was proved that the absorption capacity of chitosan bondedβ-cyclodextrin microsphere was better than that of chitosan and P-cyclodextrin microsphere. In addition, the absorption capacity of derivative was increased with temperature and pH value, the maxium absorption capacity was 20 mg·g-1. The process of absorption was fitted with Freundlich absorption model well. Moreover, the absorption action was an unspontaneously endothermic process. Then the guar gum was bonded toβ-cyclodextrin microsphere, a series of derivatives were synthesized. The structure of stuff and polymer were characterized by XRD and FTIR. The content ofβ-cyclodextrin within derivatives was determined using phenolphthalein spectrophotometry. By changing experimental conditions and types of absorbents, the absorption capacity of derivatives was studied. It was proved that the derivative which was prepared in 2 hours, when stuff mass ratio of chloro-hydroxypropyl guar gum,β-cyclodextrin microsphere and sodium carbonate was 0.6:0.8:1.0, the best result among the series of derivatives was 24mg-g"1. At last, the cationic etherification agent was grafted to the guar gum bonded P-cyclodextrin microsphere, in order to enhance the absorption towards acid red GR. The absorption capacity towards acid red GR was studied. It was proved that under the condition of pH value at 7.5, stirring time at 50 min, Zeta potential value at-5.53mv,50 mg-g"1 acid red GR was absorbed in room temperature.Moreover the organic-inorganic hydrogels were prepared using in-situ radical polymerization of acrylamide monomers in the suspension of nano-laponite clay and nano-montmorillonite respectively. The added amount of inorganic materials and monomer, the temperature concentration, and the value of pH were changed, the absorption capacity of hydrogels towards basic fuchsin was studied. It was proved that the absorption capacity was increased slowly with the increase of the added amount of inorganic materials. When the weight of acrylamide monomers was increased in laponite clay complex hydrogel, their absorption capacity was increased obviously from 4.62 mg-g-1 to 24.45 mg-g-1. Under the same experimental conditions, the absorption capacity of montmorillonite complex hydrogel was decreased obviously; but for the two complex hydrogels, when the pH value and temperature of dye solution were increased, the absorption of laponite clay complex hydrogel increased by 11.10 mg-g-1 and 1.84 mg-g-1 respectively. On the contrary, there was no much change in the absorption of montmorillonite complex hydrogel.更多还原