【作者】 郑美芳；

【导师】 高晓蓉；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 光学工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 现代铁路交通运输飞速发展,特别是列车的运行速度、运载重量都大幅度的提高,如何保证列车运行的安全性是首要考虑的问题。车轮作为列车行走部件的重要部分,其踏面的擦伤是影响列车运行安全性和平稳性的重要因素,因此如何及时有效的检测出车轮踏面的擦伤是铁路部门一直密切关注和不断研究改进的课题。本文通过调研大量国内外已有的擦伤检测方法,并分析其优劣性,最后采用了一种新型的车轮踏面擦伤检测方法。它是通过测量列车在运行过程中车轮踏面与钢轨接触时产生的冲击载荷引起的钢轨形变来检测车轮踏面擦伤。本文首先介绍了该光学检测方法的工作原理及系统构成。接着介绍了该方法的基础原理——车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学,介绍了各种车辆的与轨道的耦合模型,并重点分析了车轮踏面擦伤(如：扁平车轮、偏心车轮)所引起的轮轨垂向力的冲击响应；然后介绍了两种系统平台(基于CCD和基于PSD的平台)的硬件结构及系统实现,并对两种平台所测得的数据进行擦伤分析。重点分析了基于PSD的系统平台所测得的数据,包括扁平车轮和偏心车轮的数据分析。最后利用基于PSD平台的一套设备对重庆到成都的列车轮对进行了测量与擦伤分析,通过对检测结果的多次复查,验证了该套设备的准确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of rail transport, especially the improving of speed and loading, how to ensure the safety of train is the primary consideration. The Wheel is one of the most important rolling components in the vehicle. The problem that how to measure the fault of the tread profile is concerned all along and Perpetual studied and improved. That is because the irregularities of tread profile are the key factor of influencing the safety and stabilization of running.Through studying a large number of existing domestic and abrasion test methods, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, this paper advanced a new method of detecting the wheel tread. The principle of the project is that the wheel tread will generate the impact load that induce deformation of rail when the train running. Through detecting the deformation of rail, the defect of the wheel tread can be detected.Firstly, this paper describes the principle and components of the system about the new optical method. Then introduces the basic principle of the method—Vehicle-Track Vertical Coupling Dynamics, listing a variety of vehicle and track coupling model and analyzing the response of the wheel/rail vertical dynamic forces caused by the defect (e.g.:flat wheels, eccentric wheels); After that, the paper introduces the structure and installation of two platform (based on CCD and PSD-based platform), and analyzes the measured data of the two kinds of platform. Especially analyzes the data of PSD platform, including the date of eccentric wheel and flat wheel.Finally, a device based on PSD platform was installed on the railway of ChongQing—ChengDu. Using this device detect bullet train, then according the detect result check the defect on the wheel, sequentially demonstrate the exactitude of the equipment.更多还原