【作者】 高莺；

【导师】 万里冰；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 煤矿环境复杂多变,造成了煤矿开采过程中的不安全性,经常导致恶性事故的发生。目前,我国的煤矿安全生产形势十分严峻,特别是近年来重大矿难时有发生,造成了巨大的生命和财产损失。现有的煤矿安全监控系统因为存在各种不足,已经无法满足日益严格的安全生产需求,迫切需要对其进行改善。跟踪定位技术是提高煤矿安全生产的主要方法之一,在发生矿难时,通过人员的跟踪定位能够及时准确地制定营救计划,使伤亡程度降到最低。其中如何从多径路由角度提高“矿山井下人员与搜救通信系统”的可靠性是本文研究的重点,为此本文主要开展了以下研究工作：1.本文对现有数据可靠传输方法和路由算法进行分析,总结出各自优缺点和需要改进的地方,为设计性能更好的路由算法提供理论基础。在多径路由算法理论研究方面,本文做了如下两方面工作：首先,利用可靠性理论对两种多径路由类型的可靠性进行了分析,计算结果表明：在无线链路不稳定的情况下,相交多路径路由算法可以提供更多的路径冗余,因此具有更高的稳定性,而且无线链路越不稳定,相交多径路由算法的可靠性越高。其次,本文对多径条数及路径跳数进行了最优值分析,通过理论计算及仿真分析得出：基于“最短路径”的多径路由算法,具有更高的数据传输可靠性。2.在AODV路由思想的研究基础上,本文提出了一种基于最小跳数的相交多径路由算法(MHBMP)。首先,通过建立距离汇聚节点的最小跳数场,控制路由请求消息(RREQ)的广播方向,避免了泛洪协议(Flooding)造成的信息爆炸。其次,MHBMP算法设计了节点接收路由请求消息的延迟机制,节点能够根据自身的剩余能量和当时的负荷情况,决定加入路由的延迟时间,通过这种方法可以使网络中的能量消耗更平均,负载更均衡。最后,在路由选择过程中,本文提出了一种针对路径节点关键能量的计算方法,节点依据关键能量比值选择最优路径来传输数据,实现了均衡节点能耗,构建可靠且能量平衡网络的目的。此外,本文还设计了适用于该算法的局部修复机制,最大程度地增强了数据传输的可靠性。3.本文详细描述了MHBMP路由算法的实现过程,并利用网络仿真工具NS2对该算法的性能进行评估。从传输可靠性和能量有效性两个角度,以及投递率、时延、路由开销和节点生存时间等四个方面,将MHBMP算法与现有的路由协议进行了比较,验证了本文所设计算法的有效性和可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is known that the environment of underground coal mine is very sophisticated and changeable, which leads to increasingly insecure and sometimes fatal accidents in the course of mine exploitation. At present, the situation of safe production of coal mine is very serious in our country, and mining accidents occur frequently in recent years which cause very enormous loss of life and property. The existing coal mine security monitoring system is urgent to be improved with all sorts of insufficiencies which can’t meet the increasingly stringent demand of safety.Tracking and positioning technologies is one of the primary methods to improve coal mine safety. In the event of a mining accident, a rescue plan can be drawn up timely and accurately through locating and tracking the trapped workers, so that the casualties will be kept to a bare minimum. How to improve the reliability of communication system of tracking and rescuing for underground mine (CSTR) by the application of multi-path routing is the main research point of this thesis. The main contributions of this thesis are listed as follows:1. The existing methods of reliable data transmission and routing protocols have been analyzed in order to give the advantages, disadvantages and performance of them, which is useful to design a better routing strategy. To providing a theoretical basis for algorithm design, in this thesis the following two studies were made:on one hand, the reliability theory was utilized to analyze two kinds of disjoint and non-disjoint multipath routing methods. The results of the analysis have shown that more routing redundancies could be provided by the non-disjoint multipath routing under the state of unstable wireless network link, which made the method more reliable. In addition, the reliability of non-disjoint multipath routing could be improved more with less unstable of the wireless network link. On the other hand, the value of the number of paths and hops was optimized through theoretical calculation and simulation.2. On the basis of AODV algorithm, a multi-path routing algorithm based on minimum hop was proposed (MHBMP) in this thesis. Firstly, in order to avoid the information explosion caused by flooding, the directions of broadcasting RREQ were in MHBMP controlled through establishing the minimum hops from the sink. Secondly, as a protocol of energy efficient and load balanced, the delay of a node was determined by its current energy level and load, so the nodes with more residual energy and fewer loads could be selected quickly, and energy consumption in the network could be reasonable, and node loads could be more balanced. These result in that the data flow could not be clogged in some section. Thirdly, in the process of path selection, crucial energy of every nodes was calculated in order to construct an energy-balanced network, and then according to crucial energy ratio energy-balanced among the nodes was achieved. In addition, local repair mechanism was proposed,which attempted to enhance the reliability of the path in this thesis.3. In this thesis, the proposed protocol was described in detail and a simulation experiment was made on the NS2 platform. From the view of transmission reliability and energy effectiveness and through comparing and analyzing other methods in packet delivery, delay, routing overhead, node lifetime, algorithm mentioned in this thesis proved to be more effective and reliable.更多还原