【作者】 张文娟；

【导师】 甘世安；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 口译作为各领域内国际交流与合作的重要途径和桥梁,在当今世界起着越来越重要的作用。口译是互不通晓对方语言的双方得以交流思想、进行和完成交谈活动的不可或缺的媒介与手段,是一种跨语际的言语行为。同时,口译还是保证交流、质量、速度、效果等重要元素的不可或缺的杠杆。口译活动由三方合作共同完成,口译员是双方反馈机制的启动者和调节者,更是双方合作机制的实际操控者。由于民族、宗教、文化、社会地位等方面的差异引起的地方口音负迁移的现象,来自不同英语国家的一方持有的母语口音在口译过程中产生负迁移,都给通过口译的交流带来了极大的障碍与难度。因此,要求口译员在极短的时间内完成高质量的口译活动,除了解决口译的技术问题以及存在的心理障碍外,消除口音在交际活动中造成的沟通障碍是关键。时代的发展使得人们越来越清楚地认识到,现代科学是一个庞大的网络结构,任何一门学科都处在这个网络结构的某一个结点上。认知与语言之间的关系是深层机制与表层表现的关系,两者互为表里。前者重思维,后者重形式。研究口译中的种种问题通常与思维关系密切。认知是个庞大的知识体系,据笔者所进行的文献检索,从认知角度着手的研究,其运用的理论不够系统,说服力不足。笔者在运用认知知识论证课题时,对认知解释口译的理论或模式进行了系统化的梳理与归纳,为日后研究口译的学者们提供一个可供参考的理论体系。在口译的研究方面,罕见前人从口音这个角度做文章。口音体系非常复杂,对口音进行详尽的梳理和归纳有很大难度。为解决这一问题,笔者根据Kachru的“三个同心圈理论”,挑选了五大洲中最具代表性的口音进行剖析与整理。此外,口译需要客观实践,研究口译就须在实践中寻求方法。通过对口译员及带有口音的话语者案例及其各项测试的数据进行分析,笔者试图寻找并确定影响口译的原因,同时为消除口译传播障碍提供简单的解决方法,给此领域的未来研究提供一定的思路与借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important way and bridge of global communication and cooperation, interpretation plays a more and more critical role in the world. It is an indispensable medium and means of conducting and finishing converse between two sides to exchange message and thoughts. It belongs to interlingual language performance. Meanwhile, interpretation is an essential leverage for ensuring the major concerns such as communication, quality, speed, effects, etc. Three sides fulfill interpretation. Interpreter is a starter and adjuster of bilateral feedback system, and even the operator of mechanism of cooperation. Negative transfer of accent, caused by the differences of location, religion, tradition and social status, is a great barrier and difficulty to the success of interpretation. It is shown that the negative transfer of English speakers with various accents occurs in interpretation.It is increasing realized that modern science is a huge network linking any science, with no exception of cognition. The relationships between cognition and language relate to deep mechanism and superficial performance, interacting with each other. According to my literature reviewing, previous researchers have applied fewer systematical theories on studies in view of interpretation. Conducting this paper from cognition, the author discusses and summarizes the interpretative theories or models systematically.On studying interpretation, rare researchers touch upon the aspect of accent. Owing to the complicated system of accent, it is very hard to conclude the detailed rules. To solve this problem, the author chooses five countries with representatives in English accents from five continents according to Kachru’s’Three Concentric Circles’. In addition, considering that interpretation requires objective practice, the author makes a case study on accents to find out factors of the negative transfer by analyzing statistics. And finally, some feasible solutions are provided to eliminate the obstacles of accents and it hoped that my efforts will throw some light on future research in the field.更多还原