规范异化现象之解

【作者】 吕如峰；

【导师】 李建森；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 伦理学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 任何理论都不可能摆脱它所栖居的历史时空而孤立永恒存在。规范理论亦如是。囿于人类社会不同发展阶段主体思维和实践水平限制,虽然使主体行为秩序化的规范体系各有其不同外部表征,但其约束本质却凛然贯穿其中。它或者以自律的道德愿望殚精竭虑地塑造主体完美人格,以期自然形成良好秩序；或者以他律的道德强制遏制人性之中恶的因素,进而避免“一切人反对一切人的战争”的无序状态。前者通常被称为德性伦理,后者被称为规范伦理,但在本论文的论述过程中,基于它们的共同约束本质而将德性伦理与规范伦理一并纳入规范范畴加以研究,以期获得更为广阔的研究视域。伴随着社会的逐步发展,原有规范体系对当前某些失范现象约束乏力的现象逐渐加剧。那么,如何摆脱这种困境呢?以往的人们或者寄希望于理想人格进一步完美,或者寄希望于规范体系进一步完善。然而,德性伦理对人格极度完美的苛求,将人变成神从而使理想人格遥不可及进而成为镜花水月；规范伦理对规范体系求善的极度苛求在遭遇人性恶的因素时,陷入了“道高一尺,魔高一丈”的恶性循环之中。曾经在立意于此岸今生幸福的“民族宗教”指引下的规范体系却陷入了规范异化的万劫不复之地。如何回归历史和传统进而化解规范异化现象?本论文认为对规范之路与规范异化之路的解析是我们必须首先解决的问题。基于主体实践水平阶段性差异,对应规范之路的神秘禁忌时代——圣贤治世时代——主体意识觉醒后的德福考量阶段,规范异化之路被相应划分为无知暴政式异化——圣贤愚民式异化——信仰缺失式异化三个发展阶段。在此理论解析基础之上,我们对规范异化现象之化解就具有了充分的信心,即消解整体而研究个案,构建碎片世界为多元化存身争取土壤和空间；解构原有规范体系而微言大义,使新规范具有文约指博的张力而能够为主体的道德选择留下充分的施展空间；悬置教化而敏于领悟,进一步增强主体的道德选择能力,以树立理想人格标矢的方式督促主体不断提升道德水准,为规范异化现象的化解提供主观能动性保障。只有这样,规范才能展现其应有的精神本色和道德荣誉。更多还原

【Abstract】 Any theory can not get rid of it’s history, dwelling in isolation ever. Gauge theory is the same. Confined to different stages of development of human society the level of the main practice of limited thinking, while making the order of the principal norms of behavior of system has its own different external representation, but the binding nature of which is awe-inspiring throughout. It is the moral self-discipline or desire to spare no efforts in shaping the main perfect personality to naturally led to good order; or to his law enforcement to curb the moral evil of human nature among the factors, and thus avoid the "war of all against all," the disorder. The former is often called virtue ethics, which is called normative ethics, but in the course of this discussion paper, based on their common binding nature of the virtue ethics and normative ethics will be incorporated into standard categories to be studied in order to obtain Horizon broader study. With the progressive development of society, the existing system of norms binding on the current phenomenon of some irregular fatigue phenomenon has intensified. Then, how to be out of this predicament? Past people or hopes to further perfect the ideal personality, or hopes to further improve the system of norms.However, virtue ethics perfect personality extremely demanding, which will become the ideal personality of God so far away and then become elusive; Normative ethics of the standard sound system is extremely demanding in the face of evil human nature of the factors, into a "one foot, the law is strong," a vicious cycle. Shore in this life has been happy this conception of "national religion" under the guidance of the standard system has fallen into a normative alienation to perdition. How to return to history and tradition and thus resolve the normative alienation? The thesis that the norms regulating the alienation of the road and the road to resolution is that we must first solve the problem. Practice based on the level of the main differences between stages, the corresponding norms of the times the way the mysterious and taboo-saints Peace and Prosperity of the times-the awakening consciousness after the consideration stage, Telford, regulate the way alienation is the tyranny of the appropriate type of ignorance into alienation-saints fools Type alienation-alienation of belief missing type three stages of development. The basis of this theoretical analysis, we resolve to regulate the Alienation has the full confidence. The case study that the overall digestion, building debris in the world exists for the development of diverse soil and space;Deconstruction of the existing system of norms, so that the new norms have a profound meaning and moral choices can leave enough room for this; Mount educate and sensitive understanding, moral choices and further strengthen capacity in order to foster the ideal way to urge the personality of the main standard vector continuously upgrade their moral standards to regulate the alienation of the initiative to resolve to provide protection. Only in this way should be standardized to show the spirit of their moral character and honor.更多还原