论托克维尔的公共精神观

【作者】 丁世林；

【导师】 梁忠民；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 政治学理论， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 托克维尔作为19世纪的法国民主主义思想家,出身于贵族世家,生活在一个贵族社会向民主社会过渡的转型时代。凭借他那敏锐的观察与深刻的思索,托克维尔对民主社会的出现和发展进行了描绘与剖析。公共精神观即是他思考成果的一部分。本文试图以公共精神观为切入的角度,来解读托克维尔的相关思想意蕴。通过“疏离——聚合”这组命题,本文将循着托克维尔的思路,揭示公共精神在民主社会遭遇的困境,探讨公共精神在民主社会的培育途径。在民主社会,平等的普及,个人理性的张扬,个人主义畅行无阻。同时,个人在竞争性、流动性的社会环境中过分追求物质享受,沉迷于私人的小世界。诸种因素使民主社会的人具有“疏离”的倾向,公共精神遭到侵蚀。原子化的个人将会迎来一种新的专制。托克维尔认为,一个全新的社会,要有一门新的政治科学。面对人与人之间相互疏离的倾向,如何培育和习得公共精神,把民主社会的人“聚合”在一起,将是一门非常重要的学问。本文从托克维尔的思想观点中挖掘出了乡镇自治、结社、宗教、公民教育和“正确理解的利益”的原则等经验和方法,来培育人们的公共精神,使人们在生活实践中习得一种公共精神。通过这些经验和方法,人们摆脱相互独立、不相往来的惯性,而是相互作用,相互关联,进而明白共同体与公共利益的重要性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alexis de Tocqueville was born in the noble family and he was regarded as an ideologist. At this time,the aristocratic society was transformed to the democratic society. Tocqueville described and analyzed the appearance and the development of the democratic society on the base of his keen observation and deep thinking. Public spirit was one part of his achievement.The essay tries to interpret the relevant Tocqueville thought on the theory of pubic spirit as the Point of view. The essay will follow the Tocqueville’s idea of "alination-polymerization"to discuss the difficulty of public spirit in the democratic society and find the way to develop the public spirit in the democratic society.The equality, the display of the individual ration and the individualism are very popular in the democratic society.Meanwhile, every one pursuit of material comforts excessively and indulge in his or her private small world in the competitive and liquid social environment.There are many factors to make the person has the tendency of alienation and the public spirit is corrupted.The individual will face a new mechanism.Alexis de Tocqueville think that there should be a new political science in a brand new society. How to develop and master the public spirit,at the same time,to aggregate people together in the democratic society,will become an very important learning,especially face the alienation tendency among the person. The essay find out some Tocquevillei’s ideas of "town autonomy,freedom of association,religion,civic education and the’correct understanding of the interests"’to develop and master the public spirit.Through these experiences and methods,people begin to interact and correlate with each other and understand the importance of community and public interest,instead of independence and no contact with each other.更多还原