城市抗震疏散场所建设规划研究

【作者】 田田；

【导师】 刘科伟；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 城市规划， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,世界范围内自然灾害发生频繁,地震活动由为活跃,严重影响了人们生命财产安全。这一无法避免的自然灾害现象,引起了世界各界的广泛关注。为了减轻自然灾害—特别是地震带来的灾害影响,各国加快应对策略的研究。作为避灾和减灾体系中的重要节点——应急避难场所规划建设,对健全城市机能、维护市民生命财产起着重要作用。目前,国内外许多地方已经开始规划符合各自特征的应急避难场所体系规划。但在我国,这方面的理论体系还不太完善。针对此种情况,本文主要从应急避难场所的规划建设、空间布局、责任区划分等方面对其规划布局进行了研究和探讨。首先根据场所的基本概念,明确了避难场所的基本概念、分类、特征及功能等理论基础知识。其次归纳总结了国内外避难场所建设规模的研究,分析了影响因素,提出了三种避难场所规模估算方法,并以此方法来确定避难场所的规模；通过建立二级综合评价指标,利用层次分析方法,对所选避难空间进行综合评价,确定避难场所空间布局；根据OVD和WVD方法对所选空间进行责任区划分,以确保市民能便捷进入避难场所；结合城市的总体规划、自然地形及城区内部社会经济发展状部,对上述布局方案进行必要的修正,在此基础上提出了市区避难场所规划布局方案。最后对以咸阳市中心城区应急疏散场所建设规划进行实证分析,通过实证检验说明理论与方法的可行性,以期能对我国避难场所的规划布局提供有益的帮助和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent year, the nature disasters has occurred frequently in the world wide, especially the earthquake, it cause the huge damaged to the people and their life, and it already get the attention from all of the countries for this un predicable natural disasters. Therefore, in order to reduce the damage which cause by natural disasters-especially the earthquake, most of the countries try to find out the strategy to against this natural incidence, so, as an important process when earthquake happed-the emergence Shelter’s planning and construction can be very helpful to every countries. And now, a lot of countries has stated to built and plan the emergency shelter system, however, our countries this aspect of theory system isn’t that good as others.In this situation, this assignment will mainly focus on the discussion of emergency shelter’s construction and planning, space layout and so on.First of all, the basic concept, classification, characteristics and functions of the shelter have been defined, according to the basic concept of the place. Second, this paper summarizes the study on the scale of shelter construction at home and abroad, analyzes influencing factors, presents three kinds of estimating methods on shelter scale and defines the scale of shelter construction based on those methods. The closed shelter is comprehensively evaluated and the Spatial Arrangement of the shelter is defined, based on setting up the comprehensive evaluation index and the principle of Analytic Hierarchy Process. Divide the responsibility zones of the closed shelter according to the principle of OVD and WVD, to ensure that the public can enter the shelter immediately. The correction to shelter arrangement design are made based on comprehensive plan, physical relief and the Social and Economic Developing conditions of the city.In the end, take the emergence shelter’s planning and construction of Xian yang city as the example, and to examine this theory and method, in order to provide the benefit for the layout of shelter.更多还原