【作者】 王立鹤；

【导师】 闫鸿浩；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 应用与实验力学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 反恐人员在解救人质或追捕恐怖分子时,时常需要利用炸药炸开门体或者墙体来开辟一条快速通道。反恐人员常用集团装药或者多点药包同时起爆的方法进行爆破,但是这两种方法的冲击波超压值过大很容易对反恐人员造成不必要的伤害。本文将采用多点延时起爆的方法进行微差控爆破门,这种方法能够降低空气冲击波的超压峰值,进而有效的避免了冲击波对反恐人员的伤害。通常情况下门体的薄弱地方是锁芯和铰链,但随着防盗门质量和技术的提高,在小药量情况下想通过这两处弱点将坚固的防盗门破开已经不太容易。本文通过研究发现防盗门中的膨胀螺栓可以作为破门中的弱点进行研究。本文主要包括模拟和实验两大部分。通过对单点、两点以及六点微差起爆的模拟,可以初步得出微差起爆的机理,进而设计出两种延时起爆方法：方法一是利用雷管自身的延时特性进行延时起爆,方法二是利用雷管自带的导爆管长度的不同进行微差控爆。不同药量下的实验结果验证了微差起爆机理。在破门实验中根据不同药量下的破门效果得出了两种微差控爆方法的优缺点以及破门的最佳药量,根据实验中不同药量的冲击波超压值计算出了反恐人员的安全距离。更多还原

【Abstract】 When the antiterrorist personnel rescue the hostage or capture the terrorist, they often need the explosive to blast out the door or the wall in order to open a fast channels. The antiterrorist personnel commonly set off the explosive by the method of the concentrated charge or the multi-spot explosion. The overpressure value of the blast wave of these two methods is very high, which easily result in the unnecessary damage of the antiterrorist personnel.This article takes use of the method of the multi-spot short-delay to control the door-explosion, which can reduce the peak value of the overpressure of shock-wave, in order to avoid the injury to the antiterrorist personnel effectively. The weak placees of the door are usually the core and the hinge, but along with the enhancement of quality and technology of the burglarproof door, it is not easy to blast out the door through these two weaknesses in a small explosive. By the research, the author founds the burglarproof door’s expansion bolt could be considered as the weakness in the explosion to be researched.This article mainly includes two parts, the simulation part and the experiment part. Through simulation of the short-delay controlled blasting of the simple point, two points and six points, the author gets the mechanism of the short-delay controlled blasting, then designs two methods of the time-delay blasting:one takes use of the detonator’s own time-delay characteristic to control blasting, the other one takes advantage of the length of detonator’s nonel to control blasting. The experimental results under the different charges have confirmed the mechanism of the short-delay controlled blasting. According to the results under the two different methods, the strongpoint and disadvantage of the methods and the best dosage in the blasting are conducted in the article. According to the overpressure value of the blast wave in experiments, the author calculates the safe distance for the antiterrorist personnel.更多还原