【作者】 潘春方；

【导师】 甘文平；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江八一农垦大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以奶牛为研究对象,研究不同水平益生Ι号替代日粮中的豆粕对奶牛瘤胃发酵、日粮降解率、日粮表观消化率和血液生化指标的影响,筛选出最适替代水平,并验证最适替代水平对奶牛生产性能的影响,为后续的科学研究与实际生产应用提供一定的理论依据。本试验选用4头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康的荷斯坦奶牛。采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,用益生Ι号对日粮中的豆粕分别进行20%、40%和60%的替代,同时设立对照组。其处理为:A组为基础日粮;B处理组为益生Ι号替代基础日粮中20%豆粕;C处理组为益生Ι号替代基础日粮中40%豆粕;D处理组为益生Ι号替代基础日粮中60%豆粕。试验分4期进行,每期预饲期15 d,正试期10 d。研究不同水平益生Ι号替代日粮中的豆粕对瘤胃内环境和发酵产物、日粮营养物质降解率、日粮表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:(1)不同水平益生Ι号替代日粮中的豆粕对奶牛瘤胃pH值没有显著影响(p>0.05);C处理组较A组和B处理组降低了奶牛瘤胃NH3–N浓度,但差异不显著(p>0.05);较D处理组显著降低了奶牛瘤胃NH3–N浓度(p<0.05);C处理组的总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、乙酸/丙酸均高于其他各处理组,但差异均不显著(p>0.05),且乙酸/丙酸值均大于3,说明日粮发酵类型为乙酸发酵类型。(2)C处理组与其他各处理组比较,显著提高了日粮DM、CP、NDF和ADF的降解率(p<0.05);且显著提高了CP、NDF和ADF的表观消化率(p<0.05)。B处理组与A组比较提高了日粮DM、CP、NDF和ADF的有效降解率和表观消化率,但差异不显著(p>0.05);D处理与A组比较未能提高日粮DM、CP、NDF和ADF的有效降解率和表观消化率。(3)不同水平益生Ι号替代日粮中的豆粕提高了奶牛血浆中葡萄糖、总蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的浓度,降低了奶牛尿素氮的浓度,但差异均不显著(p>0.05),即益生Ι号对奶牛无不良影响。综合上述结果分析表明,C处理组为最适替代组。根据选择出最适替代比例:益生Ι号40%替代日粮中的豆粕。采用对比试验方法,选择的30头健康的荷斯坦奶牛,按体重、胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相同或相近的原则进行配对,分为对照组和试验组,每组15头。试验期为55 d。试验结果表明:试验组的日均产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率显著高于对照组(p<0.05),分别提高了7.75%、4.09%和3.93%;试验组体细胞数显著低于对照组(p<0.05),降低了12.28%;乳糖率和非脂固形物试验组和对照组相比较差异不显著(p>0.05)。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study focused on evaluating the effects of different levels of probioticsΙto replace the soybean meal in diets on rumen fermentation, diet digestionand blood parameters of dairy cows. The purpose was to select the best ratio of probioticsΙto replace the soybean meal in diets. The effects of the best ratio on the performance of dairy cows were vertified. Some theoretical basis for the future research and practical application were provided.Four cows fitted permanent rumen fistula were chosen. This test used 4×4 Latin Square of design. While setting the control group, using different levels of probioticsΙto replace the soybean meal in diets, 20%, 40% and 60%, respectively. The treatments were basal diet (A), the probioticsΙto replace the Soybean Meal in diets by 20% (B), the probioticsΙto replace the Soybean Meal in diets by 40% (C), the probioticsΙto replace the soybean meal in diets by 60% (D). The test was divided into 4 phases. Each pre–trial period was 15 d and the formal period of 10 d, and then studied the effects of different levels of probioticsΙto replace the soybean meal in diets on the degradation rate of dietary nutrients, diet apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood biochemical parameters. The results showed that:(1) The different levels of probioticsΙto replace the soybean meal in diets had no significant effect on rumen pH(p>0.05). the concentration of rumen NH3–N of C reduced than A and B, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05), the concentration of rumen NH3–N of C significantly reduced than D(p<0.05). The total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, acetic acid/propionic acid of C was higher than the other treatment groups, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). The acetic acid/propionic acid values were greater than 3, so the type of dietary fermentation was acetic acid fermentation.(2) The degradation rate by DM, CP, ADF and NDF of C was significantly higher than the other treatment groups (p<0.05), and the apparent digestibility by CP, ADF and NDF of C was significantly higher than the other treatment groups (p<0.05). The apparent digestibility by CP, ADF and NDF of B was higher than A and D, but he difference was not significant (p>0.05), and the apparent digestibility by DM, CP, ADF and NDF of D was not increased.(3) The different levels of probioticsΙto replace the soybean meal in diets increased the blood plasma glucose, plasma total protein, plasma total cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, serum aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine aminotransferase concentration, and reduced the concentration of blood plasma urea nitrogen, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05).The Comprehensive results of analysis showed that C treatment group was the best replacement group. According to the test choose of the best alternative to the ratio: the optimal replacement ratio of soybean meal was 40%. Using the comparison methods and the trial period of 55 d, 30 healthy Holstein cows were selected. According to the weight, parity, lactation length and milk yield at the same or similar principle, divided into control and experimental groups, each group had 15. The results showed that:The average daily milk yield, milk fat and milk protein of experimental group was significantly higher than the control groups (p<0.05), respectively increased by 7.75%, 4.09% and 3.93%. The somatic cell count of experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05), reduced by 12.28%. The Lactose and milk fat solids of experimental group and control group had no significantly difference (p>0.05).更多还原