【作者】 卢斌；

【导师】 苑玮琦；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 圆筒在现代化建设中有着大规模的应用,特别是机械、能源、军事等领域。然而在生产过程中,圆筒始终是用传统的人工离线检测方法进行检测。为提高检测圆筒的速度,当前工厂急需能实现圆筒在线检测的方法和系统。但由于圆筒的一端封闭,且生产现场温度高,现有的机器视觉检测方法和系统难以达到圆筒的实时在线检测的目的。文章提出了一种基于视觉的圆筒内壁几何参数检测方法,同时采用特殊结构的成像机构,通过对激光反射所形成的反映圆筒内壁几何尺寸变化的光斑图像进行处理,最终得到圆筒内壁几何参数变化信息。根据机器视觉检测原理,文章设计出以激光三角测距方法为基础,新的成像方法的检测方法。该方法采用反射镜改变激光光路,使激光垂直照射到圆筒内壁表面,最终成为反映圆筒内壁几何尺寸变化的光斑图像,使用三棱镜对激光光斑图像成像。这个方法能够达到激光垂直射入,图像垂直传出的效果。采用该方法能够完整地测试圆筒内壁,即便是接近圆筒封闭一端的远端,亦能够达到内壁检测的效果;同时,该方法将成像所需的电子设备远离被测圆筒设置,能够达到高温生产环境的长时间稳定工作的要求。为满足试验要求,对圆筒内壁进行精确定位的圆周检测,本文设计了一套机械系统。该系统用来固定光学设备和电子器件;精确控制待测圆筒的转动角度、转动速度;精确控制检测装置的水平位移,并可对其垂直高度进行调节,以达到最理想的检测效果。设计了步进电机驱动应用电路和单片机控制电路,并编写单片机程序,完成与上位机通信。配合图像处理等检测程序,使整个系统检测能力达到能精确定位的要求,使系统对检测点定位达到PC机可视化控制的要求。各机械装置与组件进行相互配合,最终实现实时在线检测的演示模型样机。以激光光斑中心定位算法作为研究对象,编写了将检测系统采集到的光斑图像自动转化成光斑位置数据的程序。通过模型样机实验,最终数据表明,该系统对于内壁尺寸检测分辨率,可达0.1毫米/像素,内壁尺寸变化检测范围可达16毫米。对圆筒内壁同一位置圆周的多次测量数据基本描述了该圆周的一致均匀度变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cylinder has large-scale application in the mechanical, energy, military and other fields. But in the process of cylinder production , usually using the traditional manual offline detection methods to testing. In order to improving the speed of cylinder testing, the factory very urgently need to achieve cylinder-line detection method and system. However, because of cylinder’s one end closed, and at the high temperature production site, the existing machine vision detection method and system is difficult to achieve real-time online test cylinder. This paper put forward a method of vision-based one end closed cylinder wall geometric parameters on-line measurement, an imaging agency with special structure is designed, by processing the spot image which is formed by the laser reflector and reflects the cylinder wall geometry change, cylinder wall geometric parameters change information is accessed.According to the machine vision theory, testing the inner wall of the cylinder, this paper proposes a method based on laser triangulation distance measurement, using the new imaging method . This method adopt the specula change the direction to the laser light path, the laser light perpendicular raying to the cylinder wall surface to form a cylindrical wall geometry changes to reflect the spot image, using the prism of the laser spot image imaging. This method can achieve the vertical injection laser, image vertical spread. On the one hand, the method can detect the cylinder wall integrity, even close to the cylinder closed end of the inner wall of the remote also allows detection; the other hand, the method of electronic imaging equipment needed to set up away from the cylinder under test, production environment to meet high demands long hours.In order to meeting test requirement, progressing circle detection of accurate positioning to the cylinder wall, this paper design a set of mechanical system. The system used to secure the optics devices and electron devices; precisely control rotation angle of be tested cylinder and rotate speed; precisely control the horizontal shift of detecting device, and can be adjust its vertical height, to achieve the best detection result. Designed stepper motor driver application circuit and Single Chip Microcomputer control circuit, and compiled the SCM procedures, finished to communicate with the upper computer. Matching image processing and testing procedures, so that the whole system detect capacity can reach requirement of precisely position, and let the system can reach to PC visual control requirement to the detecting position. All the mechanical devices and components coordinate with each other, and ultimately achieve a demonstrate model prototype.of real-time online detection.To laser spot center positioning algorithm as object of study, compiled the procedure of spot diagram collected images with detecting system automatically change into spot position data. Through the experiment of the model prototype, the final data show that the system towards to inner wall size detecting resolution ratio, can up to 0.1mm/pixel, detecting range of inner wall size can up to 16mm. The repeated measurement data to cylinder wall at the same location , basically described the same change of degree of uniformity.更多还原