【作者】 马俊科；

【导师】 杨景亮；

【作者基本信息】 河北科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 产甲烷菌群、产氢产乙酸菌群、硫酸盐还原菌群和丝状菌群是厌氧颗粒污泥中重要的功能菌群。采用基于16S rRNA的FISH技术对工业化UASB处理阿维菌素废水不同形成时期(颗粒化前期、成长期、成熟期和衰老期)厌氧颗粒污泥中相应功能菌群进行分析,结果表明:各类功能菌群及其优势种属在颗粒污泥表面和内部剖面的分布形态相同,且各优势种属之间呈现交叉重叠分布;但功能菌群相对丰度存在差异,产甲烷菌群、产氢产乙酸菌群、硫酸盐还原菌群和丝状菌群在不同形成阶段颗粒污泥中相对丰度范围分别为25.50±8.63%-50.80±8.87%、10.08±0.81%-28.06±2.12%、10.35±2.33%-16.16±4.59%和16.69±2.51-23.93±4.62%。产甲烷菌群、产氢产乙酸菌群和硫酸盐还原菌群在颗粒污泥中的相对丰度随着颗粒污泥形成时间的延长而增大,成熟期最大。颗粒污泥表面产甲烷菌群的相对丰度小于内部,而颗粒污泥表面产氢产乙酸菌群大于其内部。与已报道研究结果比较,阿维菌素残留可能对颗粒污泥中功能菌群产生抑制作用。不同形成阶段的颗粒污泥最大比产甲烷活性范围为1.311-1.562 g·(g·d)-1,最大比产乙酸速率范围为0.912-1.145 g·(g·d)-1,且不同形成阶段的颗粒污泥产甲烷活性和产乙酸活性与颗粒污泥中产甲烷菌群和产氢产乙酸菌群的相对丰度变化趋势一致,表明颗粒污泥的产甲烷活性与产乙酸活性与产甲烷菌群和产氢产乙酸菌群的相对丰度密切相关。同时还采用了PCR-DGGE技术对颗粒污泥中微生物群落进行了分析,结果表明:颗粒污泥中占优势的古菌菌群主要是产甲烷菌群,其3个优势种属分别为产甲烷杆菌、产甲烷八叠球菌和产甲烷髦菌,其相对丰度分别为50.03%、39.22%和10.75%,这与FISH的分析结果一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 Methanogens, syntrophic acetogenic bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria and filamentous bacteria are considered to be important functional microbial population in anaerobic granular sludge. Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) based on 16S rRNA was used to analyze the corresponding functional microbial populations of anaerobic granular sludge with different formation periods(initial period, developing period, mature period and aging period) in a full-scale UASB treating avermectin wastewater. The results indicated that the distribution forms of methanogens, syntrophic acetogenic bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria and filamentous bacteria as well as their dominant species were identical on the surface and inner face of granular sludge samples with different formation periods, Inaddition, the dominant species showed overlap distribution. However, the relative abundances of these functional bacterial populations were different, the relative abundances of methanogens, syntrophic acetogenic bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria and filamentous bacteria were 25.50±8.63% to 50.08±8.87%, 10.08±0.81% to 28.06±2.12%,10.35±2.33% to 16.16±4.59% and 16.69±2.51 to 23.93±4.62%, respectively. The relative abundances of methanogens, syntrophic acetogenic bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria in mature granular sludge were maximum, The relative abundances of methanogens on the inner face were larger than those on the surface of granular sludge samples, on the contrary, the relative abundances of syntrophic acetogenic bacterias on the inner face were smaller than those on the surface of granular sludge samples. The avermectin residue in wastewater showed possible inhibition effect on functional microbial community, compared their relative abundances with reported cases. The maximum specific methanogenic activities of granular sludge samples ranged from 1.311 to 1.562g·(g·d)-1 and the maximum specific acetate rate ranged from 0.912-1.145g·(g·d)-1. The variation tendencies of maximum specific methanogenic activities and the maximum specific acetate rate of granular sludge samples were the same with the relative abundance of methanogens and syntrophic acetogenic bacteria, implying the strong correlation of methanogens and syntrophic acetogenic bacteria with bioactivity of granular sludge.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) were also used to analyze the microbial community in the anaerobic granular sludge. The result indicated that methanogens were the dominant archaea and their dominant species were Methanobacteriaceae, Methanosarcinaceae and Methanosaetaceae, and the relative abundances were 50.03%,39.22% and 10.75%, respectively. This was in accordance with the results of FISH analysis.更多还原