【作者】 周迎春；

【导师】 董国庆；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 计算机软件与理论， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着微机电技术、传感器技术和无线通信技术的进步,推动了低功耗多功能的传感器的快速发展,使其在微小体积内便能够集成信息采集、数据处理和无线通信等功能。无线传感器网络就是由部署在监测区域内的大量微型传感器节点组成,通过无线通信的方式形成一个多跳的自组织网络系统,从而协作地感知、采集和处理网络覆盖区域的监测信息,并发送给观察者。传感器节点一般依靠电池供电,其能量有限并且由于工作环境等因素的限制难以补充,因此,如何高效节约能量来最大化网络生命周期是无线传感器网络设计的首要问题。本文首先对无线传感器网络的概念、体系结构、特点、关键技术及应用领域等做了简要介绍；然后对无线传感器网络中现有的主要路由协议进行了深入的分析研究与比较。鉴于目前实际应用中异构无线传感器网络的普遍存在及应用需要,在充分考虑异构无线传感器网络中节点初始能量不同,采集信息不同的基础之上,本文提出了基于数据内容的异构无线传感器网络成簇算法--CADC。在CADC算法中,根据节点采集的数据内容进行分簇,也就是同种类型的节点之间进行成簇,以达到数据融合率最优,且簇首的选择综合考察了剩余能量、距离远近和能耗速率等因素,达到了负载均衡的目的。最后通过在仿真平台OMNET++上进行仿真实验,将提出基于数据内容的异构传感器网络成簇算法与LEACH算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果表明本文提出的CADC算法适用于那些采集多种数据的应用场景,具有更好的性能,可以有效延长网络生存时间。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the progress of MEMS technology, sensor technology and wireless communication technology, the development of low-power multi-sensor is promoted sharply so that it will be able to integrate within a small volume of information collection, data processing and wireless communications and other functions. Wireless sensor network is composed of a large number of minisensor nodes which is deployed in monitoring region to form a multi-hop’s self-organizing network system through wireless communication, which can percept, acquire and process monitoring information of network coverage area, and send it to observers. It is difficult to add energy because of the limitation on environmental constraints while it is generally rely on battery-powered sensor nodes, therefore, how to effectively conserve energy to maximize the network life cycle is the first wireless sensor network design problem.In this paper, we first introduce the concepts, structures, features, key technologies and application fields of WSN briefly, and then analyze and compare the routing protocols for WSN which are mainly used.As for common existing and application need of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks in current practical applications, we propose a clustering algorithm CADC for heterogeneous sensor networks that base on data content after consideration upon initial energy difference of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks and information collection. In the CADC algorithm, Networks cluster according to data contents collected by the nodes, which means clustering the same type of nodes in order to achieve the optimal data fusion rate, and the selection of cluster head is based on comprehensive survey of the residual energy, distance, and energy consumption rate and other factors to achieve load balancing purposes. Finally we do the comparison between the algorithm put forward in the paper and the LEACH algorithm through simulation experiment using the simulation platform OMNET++.The results show that our CADC algorithm owns better performance and may extend the network lifetime effectively. It applies scenarios that collecting multiple data.更多还原