【作者】 杨林；

【导师】 李国安；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 党的十七大报告把发展基层民主、保障人民享有更多更切实的民主权利作为一项重大任务,并且要求把它作为发展社会主义民主政治的基础性工程重点推进。“这充分体现了我们党对发展基层民主的高度重视,顺应了扩大广大人民群众有序政治参与的客观要求,有利于不断扩大社会主义民主、切实保障人民当家作主的政治地位、扎实推进社会主义民主政治建设。”①党的十七届三中全会在《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)中强调要“坚持服务农民、依靠农民,完善农村社会管理体制机制,加强农村社区建设,保障农村社会和谐稳定”。提出了强化农村社会管理的要求。同时《决定》把“健全农村民主管理制度”作为今后农村工作的重点任务之一。这是全面贯彻党的十七大精神,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,从基本国情出发,对我国农村社会主义民主政治建设作出的重要部署。村民自治是我国农村改革的产物,它是伴随着现代化的进程而诞生和成长的。在农村社会的“内生性”和国家的“外推力”双重作用下,其从诞生之日起迅速成长，直至成为当前我国农村社会治理的理想模式,成为我国基层民主的主要内容之一。如果从第一个村委会诞生之日算起,村民自治在我国已经走过了30个春秋。三十年的实践,村民自治对我国农村的政治、经济、文化和社会的发展起了极其重要的推动作用,为我国基层民主政治实践的进一步深化奠定了坚实的基础。但是,进入新世纪新阶段,随着村民自治实践的深入,当中凸显了一些问题。这些问题有的是一直没能有效解决的、有的是以前不明显现在逐渐显现的、有点是在新情况下出现的新问题等等。这些问题严重制约了我国村民自治的深入推进,阻碍了农村社会的发展,不利于我国基层民主政治建设的进一步深化。因此,在新时期,我们应该加强和完善我国村民自治。本文正是基于这一理由,进行选题、构思和研究的。文章以当前村民自治存在的主要问题为基本着眼点（？）在现有国内、外有关研究成果的基础上，对我国村民自治实践中出现的主要问题进行大扫描。其目的在于运用政治学、社会学、法学等学科的基本理论,采用理论梳理、逻辑归纳、社会调查、历史与现实相结合的方法对我国当前村民自治存在的主要问题及其原因进行比较系统的分析和研究,努力探索村民自治健康发展的对策路径。论文由前言、正文和结语三部分构成。前言部分：简要回顾了我国村民自治的产生、发展经历,强调研究村民自治的重要性。正文部分：是论文的重点,主要分为三个板块。第一板块村民自治的基本涵义及其重要意义。在阐述村民自治基本内涵的基础上,重点分析了新时期加强和完善村民自治的重要意义,指出新时期加强和完善村民自治有利于提高村民民主素质,进一步促进我国民主政治建设；有利于加强农村基层民主,进一步保障农民当家作主；有利于调动农民的积极性,进一步促进农村经济社会发展；有利于完善乡村治理模式,进一步保障农村和谐稳定。第二板块新时期我国村民自治存在的问题和存在问题的原因,指出存在的问题主要是：村民自治功能和范围问题,主要包括“村民自治功能较弱”和“村民自治范围较小”两方面问题；二是村民自治中的矛盾和冲突问题,主要包括“村干部与村民矛盾逐渐突出”、“乡村关系难协调”和“‘两委’冲突较普遍”等三个方面的问题；三是村民自治中的民主问题,主要指出了“民主选举”、“民主决策”、“民主管理”、“民主监督”中出现的主要问题。指出存在问题的原因主要是：经济、文化原因；法律、制度原因；社会原因和村民自身的原因等。第三板块新时期加强和完善我国村民自治的有效途径。这是本文研究的重点所在,主要是针对村民自治存在的主要问题和原因提出相应对策,即提高对村民自治的认识；明确新时期加强和改善村民自治的任务：理顺村民自治实践中的几重关系；健全村民自治的体制机制；筑牢村民自治发展的基础等等。结语部分：主要是对论文内容的总结,指出当前村民自治出现问题属于正常现象,我们应该抓住机遇,努力研究,把我们村民自治不断推向前进。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the report of the Party’s 17th Congress, the grassroots democracy, protection of people’s enjoying more effective and democratic rights are treated as a major task, and are prioritized as infrastructure project to develop socialist democratic politics. "This fully embodies that our Party attaches great significance to the development of primary democratic attached great importance, adapts the requirements to enlarge orderly political participation of the mass and benefits from expanding socialist democracy, protecting people’s political status, and promoting socialist democracy." The Party’s Third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee on "the rural reform and development several decisions on major issues"(here in the after referred to as the "Decision") stressed the needs to "uphold services farmers, rely on the peasants, improve rural social management mechanism, strengthen rural community development, safeguard rural social stability and harmony". In the "decision", strengthening the management of the rural community was put forward, and "promoting the rural democratic management system" was considered as the key tasks of the rural areas for the future work. This is a significant disposition for building rural socialist democratic politics, based on fully implementing the Party’s 17 spirits, thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development, our basic national conditions.Villages’autonomy, which is a product of rural reform in China, is accompanied by both the process of modernization and growth. Under the dual stress of "endogenous" and the country’s "external push" In the rural society, it grows rapidly since its birth and becomes a ideal model of social governance in the rural area, also being the one of the main elements of grassroots democracy. If calculated from the first date of its birth village, the villagers’self-government in China has gone through 30 years. In the three decades of practice, Villages’autonomy is significant for Chinese rural area to promoting the political, economic, cultural and social development. Also it plays a vital role in enhancing the foundation of practicing grassroots democracy in our country.However, in the new century, with the autonomy of villagers practice in depth, the villagers’ autonomy practice has exited some problems, some of which has not been able to effectively address, some of which were not clear now gradually emerging, some of which are the new problems under new situations, and so on. These problems are seriously constrained by the villagers’ autonomy in the country in deepening, preventing rural social development of Chinese building democratic politics in the further. Therefore, in the new period, we should strengthen and improve our villagers’autonomy. In this thesis, selection of topics, design and research is precisely for this reason. On the basis of main problems of the villagers’ autonomy nowadays and the current domestic and foreign research results, this article mainly focuses on the main issues in the practice of villagers’ autonomy. Its purpose is to strive to explore villagers’ autonomy health development approaches path, after analyzing the main problems and its reasons of villagers’ autonomy under the guidance of science, sociology, law and discipline of the basic theory, the theoretical carding, logical summed up and Social Survey, methods of history and reality.This article includes three parts:foreword, main text and conclusion.Foreword part: Simply reviewing our country villagers’ autonomous production, the development experience, summarizing its vital function briefly, and raising related problems.Main text part: the paper key point, mainly divided into three sections.The first section is about villagers’autonomy in the basic content and significance. The villagers’ autonomy’s basic content and focus on analysis of the new period strengthen and improve the villagers’ autonomy in the importance that the new period strengthens and improves the villagers’ autonomy. It will help improve the villagers’ democratic quality and further promote Chinese socialist democratic politics; and contribute to strengthening rural grassroots democracy, and further protect the farmers’ ownership; to mobilize farmer’s enthusiasm, and further promote rural economic and social development, help improve village governance, to further protect rural stability and harmony.The second section is about new era the autonomy of villagers problems and the reasons that the problems the autonomy of villagers function and scope of "Autonomy of villagers function is weak" and "Autonomy of villagers smaller" two aspects of the villagers’ autonomy in the contradictions and conflicts, including "village cadres and villagers contradictions have gradually outstanding", "Rural relations difficult coordination" and’" Two committees’ conflict generally", the issues of the villagers’ autonomy in the issue of democracy, pointed out that the "Democratic elections", "democratic decision making", "democracy", "supervision", the main problems. The existence of the main reason is those economic and cultural reasons, the legal system, the reasons and social causes and the reasons for the villagers themselves.The third section is about on enhancing and improving the effective way of villager autonomy. This is the focus of this paper, mainly for the villagers self-government because the main problems and proposed countermeasures to the increase in awareness of the villagers self-government; clearly strengthening and improving the task of villager autonomy; rationalizing the practice of a few Villagers weight relationship; improving institutional mechanisms; strengthen the basic of villager autonomy’s develop,and so on.Conclusion: It is mainly on the content of the conclusion that the autonomy of villager problems is normal and we should seize the opportunity to study the autonomy of villagers constantly and push it forward.更多还原