【作者】 雷胜勇；

【导师】 邓洪平；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 植物学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 金毛狗(Cibotium barometz (Linn.)J.Sm.)是国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物,隶属于蚌壳蕨科(Dicksoniaceae)、金毛狗属(Cibotium),为多年生高大树状蕨类,是著名的药用植物,常生于林荫阴湿的山沟边,呈“岛屿”状分布,且数量正急剧减少,分布区域逐渐减小甚至消失,具有濒危植物的特点。本研究以重庆6个区县的金毛狗居群为研究对象,采用群落结构调查、形态特征调查和高效液相色谱法,从群落学、形态学和生化水平对金毛狗居群及个体的生态适应性展开综合研究,以期为金毛狗的保护、利用和开发提供相关的理论和实践依据。经过分析研究,得出如下结论：1)群落结构研究：环境因子分析发现金毛狗群落通常位于东北或西北坡向的水沟边,土壤为酸性,土壤含水量和郁闭度较高。环境因子主成分分析结果表明,土壤含水量、含氮量、含钾量和类型、海拔、郁闭度、坡向和坡度可以大致反映影响金毛狗群落的环境因子。TWINSAPN(双向指示种分析)表明区域相近的金毛狗群落较为相近,金毛狗的主要伴生物种为镰羽复叶耳蕨、狗脊、芒萁、里白、大叶排草、荩草和山姜；DCCA(去势典范对应分析)表明土壤含水量和海拔高度对金毛狗群落的影响较为显著；金毛狗群落的物种多样性相似度较高,土壤有机质含量对物种多样性的影响较为显著。本研究首次采用TWINSPAN和DCCA对金毛狗群落进行研究,表明土壤含水量、海拔高度和土壤有机质含量对金毛狗群落具有较大的影响。2)形态特征研究：方差分析发现金毛狗营养器官和繁殖器官的长宽等度量指标差异显著,个体性状特征之间的比例和夹角的差异不显著；金毛狗形态特征的主成分分析发现,前3维的累积贡献率为44.21％,前10维的累积贡献率为74.283％。在前3维主成分中总载荷量超过80％的性状：小羽片叶面积、基部二回羽片长、基部一回羽片宽、根状茎长、孢子囊群盖宽和基部三回羽片第二和第三羽片的距离,它们在前3维主成分分析中具有重要的作用；形态特征与环境因子的相关性分析表明金毛狗居群土壤含钾量和含水量是形态特征的主要影响因子,坡度、海拔和土壤含磷量对其形态特征的影响较大；聚类分析发现金毛狗在居群和个体水平上均表现出一定程度的分化,尤其是在个体水平上分化更为明显。本研究首次采用主成分分析金毛狗的形态,发现可以掌握其形态特征的主要指标,首次使用皮尔逊相关分析研究金毛狗形态特征与环境因子的相关性,结果表明坡度、海拔和土壤含磷量对其形态特征的影响较大。为了便于掌握金毛狗的形态特征。3)高效液相色谱研究：金毛狗居群间存在一定的遗传相似性和一定的亲缘关系。高效液相色谱指纹图谱方法简便、准确、重复性好,可专一性地研究金毛狗的指纹图谱,为有效地控制该药材的内在质量和分类提供了科学依据。本研究首次建立金毛狗的高效液相色谱指纹图谱。4)综合分析：通过对金毛狗群落和形态特征的分析研究,发现土壤含水量和海拔对金毛狗群落的影响较大,土壤有机质含量对金毛狗群落的物种多样性具有较大的影响,土壤含钾量和含水量对金毛狗形态特征具有较大影响,据此可以提出保护金毛狗的相关理论和实践依据。另外,金毛狗形态特征的主成分分析还可以提供其形态特征的主要评价指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cibotium barometz (Linn.)J.Sm. is the class II protected plant in china,is in the Cibotium and the Dicksoniaceae,is perennial herb that likes the tree. It is the traditional medicinal materials and grow in the raceway.It’s quantity and distribution are decreasing fastly.It has been provided with the characte of endangered plants.This paper studies on the six populaitions of C. baromatz by methods of community, morphological maker and HPLC to analyze the ecological adaptability,and to provide theories for protection,exploitation and ulization of C. baromatz.The following conclusions are drawn:1) Cibotium baromatz lives in the acid soil high in water and in the northwestren and northeastern slope in the high degree of canopy density by the gutter.The communities of Cibotium baromatz in the same area are resembled.The primary associated species are Arachniodes falcate, Woodwardia japonica,Dicranopteris dichotoma, Arthraxon hispidus,Alpinia japonica, Lysimachia paridiformis and Hicriopteris glauca.The water content and altitude have a palpable impart upon communities of C. baromatz. The species diversity of the communities C. baromatz has a high degree of similarity.The organic content in the field has a great effect upon the species diversity.2) The measure indexes in nutritious organ and futile organ of C. baromatz such like length and width vary great. The first three principle component contribution of 45 morphological characters is 44.21%.There are 6 characters whose total loadings on the first three PC’s of the Cibotium barometz are bigger than 0.8,such as 38(penultimate pinna area),22(the length of penultimate pinna),14(the width of first pinna),40(the length of rhizomorphous stem),43(the width of sporangiosorus top)and37(the distance between the first pinnule and the second pinnule of penultimate pinna).they are importance in the first three PCA.The first ten PCA component contribution of 45 morphological characters are 74.283%. The content of kalium and water in field are the most influence factors to the morphological characters.The population and the individual have some morphological differentiation, especially the individual.3) The method of HPLC fingerprints are simple, accurate, and have a good quality of repetition. It can be applied to study the fingerprint of C. baromatz and thus can offer the scientific evidence in effectively controlling its quality as well as its classification.4) All the results indicate the water content and altitude have a palpable impart upon communities of C. baromatz, the organic content in the field has a great effect upon the species diversity and the content of kalium and water in field are the most influence factors to the morphological characters.They can provide theories for protection,exploitation and ulization of C. baromatz.At the same times,the PCA of C. baromatz can predigest the program of investigate and study.更多还原