【作者】 高志勇；

【导师】 田永中；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 暴雨诱发的崩塌地质灾害,常具有突发性和山区不易实地调查的特点。因此,这种在暴雨恶劣天气下突发的崩塌灾害,若用传统的调查和监测方法,不仅难以做到实时性,也很难保证真实性和准确性。随着遥感技术、GIS技术的迅猛发展,利用多时相的高分辨率遥感影像可以实时监测地质灾害的发生状况,在此基础上结合地质环境背景等数据分析和GIS技术,找出地质灾害发生的空间规律,可以提高地质灾害发生的可预见性,为防灾和救灾工作提供准确资料,促进国民经济建设与可持续发展。三峡库区地处渝鄂交接的山地峡谷区,多陡坡,地少人密,地质条件复杂,尤其是处于暴雨频繁的亚热带气候区,这对崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害的孕育和发生起到至关重要的作用。本文以三峡库区重庆主城段作为研究区域,通过大量翔实的空间数据和属性数据,对研究区的崩塌地质灾害危险性进行了分析预测,主要取得了以下研究成果：(1)详细论述了崩塌地质灾害遥感解译研究中所涉及的关键遥感技术,探讨了遥感数据源的选取、图像的波段组合、图像增强、几何校正和三维遥感影像模型的建立等遥感图像处理技术及其实现方法。(2)借鉴前人研究成果,建立了适合研究区内崩塌地质灾害的遥感解译标志,以2009年8月2日-8月6日重庆主城所发生的强降雨过程作为解译时间点,以QuickBird高分辨率遥感影像为主,中巴地球资源卫星CBERS-02为辅,对比暴雨前后遥感影像,解译出此次暴雨诱发的崩塌灾害,得到研究区内崩塌灾害空间分布情况。(3)简单分析了重庆主城区暴雨诱发因子与崩塌灾害的关系,结合研究区内地质环境特征主要选取了海拔高度、坡度、地层岩性、地质构造、水系、道路、植被覆盖度七项崩塌孕灾因子作为评价因子,借助GIS分区统计得出各个因子与崩塌灾害的相关性,进而利用信息量模型,紧密结合崩塌地质灾害发育的工程地质条件及形成机理,找出各因子特定属性区间对崩塌灾害的贡献程度,对研究区的崩塌灾害进行了区域危险性评价,分析结果与地质灾害发育现状吻合较好,说明该评价模型较为可靠,研究成果有一定的利用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rockslide induced by rainstorm often has the characteristic of suddenness and is difficult to suvey in the mountain area.Therefore,it is not only difficult to achieve real-time,but also difficult to ensure authenticity and accuracy if we use the the traditional methods of investigation and monitoring in this case.With the rapid development of RS technology and GIS technology,it is possible to use multi-temporal RS images to monitor the real-time condition of geological hazard.On this basis,combined with the geological environment,data analysis and GIS technology,we can improve the predictability of the geological hazard by identifying the spatial discipline of geological hazard,so as to provide accurate information for the prevention and relief work of geological hazard,further more,promoting national economic construction and sustainable development.Three Gorges reservoir area is located in the transition of the mountain canyon area between Chongqing and Hubei province which has more steep slope,arable land and dense population,complex geological conditions,especially is in the subtropical zone of frequent rainstorm.These factors play a vital role to the preparation and occurrence of rockslide and landslide.In this paper,we made Chongqing City Zone of Three Gorges reservoir area as the study area,analyzed and forecasted the hazard of rockslide with a large number of detailed spatial data and attribute data in this area.The research mainly obtained following achivements:(1)Discoursed in detail the key RS technology involved in the rockslide interpretation research.Discussed the selection of RS image,band combination,image enhancement,geometric correction and three-dimensional modeling of such image processing technology and its implementation methods.(2) The study area was established for the interpretation signs of rockslide by the reference of previous research.It made August 2,2009-August 6,2009 this heavy rain process occurred in Chongqing city as the interpretation time and was interpreted maily by the QuickBird high-resolution RS image and CBERS-02 as auxiliary image.The paper interpreted rockslide induced by the rainstorm in the heavy rain process and found the the spatial distribution condition of rockslide by comparing RS images before and after the rainstorm in the study area.(3) Simply analyzed the relationship between the rockslide and rainstorm.Considering with the geological environment,the paper maily selected elevation,slope,stratum and lithology,geological structure,rivers,roads,vegetation cover these (?) pregnant hazard factors as evaluation factors,then got the correlation between these factors and rockslide with the help of GIS zonal statistics.Afterwards,combined closely with the engineering geological conditions and formation mechanism of rockslide,this research.applied the information quantity model to the rockslide hazard assessment to find the contribution degree for the specific attribute zone of each factor to the rockslide.The analysis result conincide with the development status of geological hazards which Shows that the evaluation model is reliable and the research achievements have a certain use value.更多还原