【作者】 牟晓莹；

【导师】 戴思锐；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 区域经济学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 一、研究的主要内容本文以循环农业发展可以发挥区域比较优势、促进农业结构调整和农民增收为出发点,运用理论分析和实证研究结合的方法,从三方面对营盘村猪-沼-菜(果)模式的发展及效益进行分析。1、根据实地调查取得的营盘村猪-沼-菜(果)模式相关数据、表象特征,结合循环农业相关原理,从发展历程、发展条件、发展现状、发展规划角度,分析营盘村发展该模式的区域优势条件。2、研究猪-沼-菜(果)模式系统中各子系统之间内在联系、互动机制,对经济效益、生态效益、社会效益进行计算,找出其成功的内在动力机制。3、从生产模式、组织方式、技术体系、政策扶持引导四个角度,分析营盘村猪-沼-菜(果)模式的成功经验。二、研究结论1、因地制宜是该模式发展的根本原因在农业生产模式上创新,根据地区特定自然条件、社会条件等,利用资源优势选择适合自身的循环农业发展模式,既提高了生产效率,又减少了环境污染,充分利用生产过程中所产生的废弃物,变废为宝,从而达到发展循环农业,降低对环境污染的目的。桂楼公司在涪陵江东营盘村实施猪-沼-菜(果)模式,是本着因地制宜的原则,其选择具有必然性。其一发展养猪业,使移民减地增收变为现实。其二,稳定养猪业,必须消除日益严重的环境污染。大幅度减少种植业化肥的施用量,使生态环境得到明显的改善,促进农业可持续发展,稳定养猪业。2、技术支持是该模式发展的驱动力凭借农业行业高新科技专业项目,注重对循环农业的投入,展开能源型农作物培育、节约型农业生产、土壤再生能力培养、废弃物资源化使用等对实际生产有重要作用的技术研发,力图提供实用、操作简单、效果显著的技术。建立技术推广网络,充分发挥循环农业示范园区、示范农户的带头作用,全方位提高农民科技文化素质。该模式生猪养殖所引进的优质种猪外三元杂交猪,有效提高了母猪年产仔率,成活率、降低料肉比、提高日增重、缩短生长周期和减少环境污染。同时,涪陵区建立起了“科研院所+龙头企业+农民企业”的畜牧技术推广网络,能为该模式提供具体的技术指导和示范。沼气工程中所运用的大型沼气综合利用工程技术是对多项成熟的单项技术因地制宜、优化而成。3、政策扶持引导是该模式发展的催化剂政府应当用科学发展观指导对现代农业进行定位与发展,对工作思路进行创新,将发展循环农业作为促进农民增收、发展现代农业、推进农村建设的重要途径。增加对循环农业的财政投入,注重对群众的宣传引导,树立循环农业的发展观、生产观、消费观,激发农民的创新思维,全面发展循环农业。在营盘村发展猪-沼-菜(果)模式的过程中,当地政府对该模式的扶持和政策照顾起到了关键作用,使该模式呈跨越式发展。模式发展初期,当地政府对公司在用地、用电、用水、交通、道路建设上作为优先项目予以支持。特别是将实行“东江模式”的项目纳入三峡库区产业发展基金项目以及其它扶持项目范围之内,予以优先安排和重点倾斜。对生猪养殖的防疫、检疫费,实行只收工本费的减免优惠。模式发展壮大期间,更是调动污染治理补助引进推广生态型、零排放的生猪养殖新技术。三、政策建议1、推广循环农业新模式,总结区域性典型技术体系在各地积极试点,树立一批发展循环农业的典型例子,加速循环农业的发展；总结现有成熟的循环农业科学技术,对其进行提升、提炼,选择出在不同条件下循环农业技术和模式；用循环农业模式规划建设循环农业园区、改扩建传统农业园区,提出各地典型的循环农业模式。拓展循环农业消费市场及废旧资源回收行业,对于企业无法处理的废弃物作集中处理,充分发展环保产业。利用高新技术升级传统产业,促进农产品加工业现代化,对传统粮食、油脂、饲料、制糖、酿造、屠宰及其制品加工厂,搞技术创新,延长产业链条,实施精加工、深加工,充分研究每个环节,深度实现资源利用。2、申请无公害农产品认证,占领新兴市场目前为实现节能减排,我国正大力推广无公害农产品、绿色农产品,无公害农产品是指产地环境符合无公害农产品的生态环境质量,生产过程必须符合规定的农产品质量标准和规范,有毒有害物质残留量控制在安全质量允许范围内,安全质量指标符合《无公害农产品(食品)标准》的农、牧、渔产品(食用类,不包括深加工的食品)经专门机构认定,许可使用无公害农产品标识的产品。猪-沼-菜(果)模式中猪肉、蔬菜如果申请认证相关产品,推出的农产品能够占领一定市场份额,具有极大的市场潜力并可能获得较高的利润。3、加大政策扶持力度,促进沼气工程农村推广目前重庆市农村建设沼气工程面临的主要问题有：财政投入乏力,信贷支农不力,各部门单位间缺乏沟通,难以统筹协调。针对上述问题,我国出台了许多政策对沼气服务体系扶持、补贴相关政策法规。各级政府提高对农村沼气建设工程的认识,意识到农村沼气建设的重要性,大力投资农村沼气建设项目,加速农村沼气建设工程,加大农村沼气工程建设开发力度,全方位推进农村沼气建设。按照中央提出的“‘多予少取放活’的方针,重点在‘多予’上下功夫”的原则,加大对沼气建设工程投资的长效投资。各级政府要引导企业、社会和农民增加对能源建设的投入,逐渐建立一套多层次、多渠道、全方位的投资融资机制。4、政府引导支持,建立循环农业政策保障制度依靠政策扶持引导、宏观财政方式,促进资源循环利用与环境保护的利益取得,各级政府应鼓励利于资源综合利用与环境资源保护的活动。政府对农户使用新型环保肥料、农药、地膜的价差,适度给予补贴,促进绿色农业生产资料在农业生产中的普及率,保护农户的利益与生态环境的平衡。推动相关财政税收政策,鼓励生物质工程的实施与组织,培育生物质产业。为发展循环农业提供平台,改革农村土地的产权制度与流转制度。支持企业、农户实践循环农业模式。在政府监督下,成立支持循环农业的综合性政策性保险机构,建立健全循环农业政策性保险制度,完善循环农业相关资金投入保障体系。四、研究特色与创新视角上,本文选取某一具体循环农业模式进行研究,并没有采取以往研究多个模式的方式,这样的研究更利于全面深入的定量定性研究。研究选取的对象是一个行政村,不同于以往从宏观角度进行研究。方法上,本文对猪-沼-菜(果)模式的研究中运用到了实证研究,在微观上对所研究的村进行分析,在此基础上,再提出切实可行的宏观政策。更多还原

【Abstract】 First,the main contentThis recycle agricultural development can play a important role in regional comparative advantage, promote agricultural restructuring and rural incomes as the starting point,using theoretical analysis and empirical research methods combined, three aspects of the Yingpan Village Pig-biogas-vegetable (fruit) model development and benefits for analysis.1.Survey, getting data and appearance characteristics of the development of Yingpan Village Pig-biogas-vegetable (fruit) mode of regional advantages, the pattern through various stages of development, model theory, scale, model development and planning practice and mode of development of the risks and opportunities.2.Study of Pigs-biogas-vegetable (fruit) model system the intrinsic link between the various subsystems and the interaction mechanism, in-depth analysis to successful internal drive mechanism.3.According to the industry, agriculture and industrial organization theory and the theory of Yingpan Village Pig-biogas-vegetable (fruit) mode of success, including the mode of production, organization, technical system and policy guidance.Second, the conclusions1.Taking actions according to the local conditions is the fundamental reason for the development of the modelGui Lou Company implementated the Pig-biogas-vegetable (fruit) mode in Fuling Jiangdong Town, the principle is the spirit of local conditions, the choice is inevitable. Firstly, developing the pig feeding industry, helping the immigration increase income.Secondly, increasing the stability of the pig feeding industry, the increasingly serious environmental pollution must be eliminated. Significantly reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer farming, so that significantly improving the ecological environment and promoting sustainable agricultural development.2.Technical supporting is the driving force of the model developmentWith high-tech agricultural industry professional project, focusing on the cycle of investment in agriculture, expanding the type of energy crop cultivation, conservation agriculture production, soil regeneration ability, use of waste recycling has an important role in the actual production technology research and development, seeking to provide practical, are simple and obvious technique. Establishment of technical marketing network, full circle Agricultural Park, take the lead role model farmers, and raise the scientific and cultural quality of the farmers.3、Policy supporting and guiding is the development of the model catalystThe Government should use the guidance of scientific concept of development of modern agriculture to locate and guide the development of ideas for innovative work,help the peasants increase their income,develop the agriculture and rural instruction under the guidance of developing recycle agriculture.Increasing the finacial investment to the recycle agriculture,focusing on the guidnace of masses,establishing the developing concept,priduction outlook,consumer attitudes for the recycle agriculture,stimulating the peasants’innovation,developing the recycle agriculture comprehensively.Third, policy recommendations1.Promoting new recycle agricultural modes, summaries the typical regional technology systemTrying in various places, setting up typical examples of recycle agriculture,accelerating the development of recycle agriculture;summarizing existing mature recycle agricultural science and technology,enhancing and refining it,choosing different recycle agricultural technology and modes in different conditions;planning and constructing the recycle agricultural park,reconstructing and extenting the traditional agricultural zones by using recycle agricultural modes.2.For pollution-free agricultural products certification, occupating the emerging marketsNow,in order to achieve energy saving and emission reduction, China is making great efforts to promote pollution-free agricultural products, green products,in the pig-biogas-vegetable (fruit) mode, the pork, vegetables and related products if the application for them is certified, they can occupy the market,with great market potential and higher profits.3.Policy supporting, promoting methane projects extending in rural areasThe main problems that the biogas construction in rural areas in Chongqing are:Weakness in finacial investment,inadequate credit supporting for agriculture, lacking of communication between units of various departments, making it difficult to coordinate. In response to these problems, China promulgated a number of policy on the gas service system support, subsidy policies and regulations. Governments should raise the awareness of rural gas construction projects, and guide enterprises, social and peasants to increase investment in energy development, and gradually establish a multi-level, multi-channel, full range of investment and financing mechanisms.4.Government guidance to support the establishment of recycle agricultural policy support By policy macro-financial means’supporting and guiding, promoting the resource recycling and environmental protection benefits to achieve, the government should encourage to facilitate resource utilization and environmental and resource protection activities.The Government give appropriate subsidies to peasants when they use new environmentally friendly fertilizers, pesticides, plastic films, promoting the green agricultural production in agricultural production in the penetration, to protect the interests of peasants and environment balance.Fourth, research characteristics and innovationAngle, in this study,I chose a specific recycle agriculture modes, and did not take more than one mode, such research is more conducive to a comprehensive in-depth quantitative and qualitative research. The selected object is an administrative village, which is different from the macroscopical research.Methods,in this paper I used empirical research, microcosmicly studied the modes,then gave out practical macro policies.更多还原