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小学课堂环境的问题与对策研究

Problems and Countermeasures of Classroom Environment in Primary School

【作者】 申一君

【导师】 徐学福;

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 , 课程与教学论, 2010, 硕士

【摘要】 新课程改革的出发点和最终归宿是“为了中华民族的复兴和为了每位学生的发展”。为了实现这一目标,新课改倡导教师和学生共同构建平等对话和健康互动的课堂。课堂环境作为一种潜在因素,潜移默化地影响着课堂教学中师生的心理活动和行为表现。所以,要构建新型课堂,让课堂真正成为集聚师生智慧和灵感的平台,就必须重视课堂环境的建设。课堂环境是课堂内部影响教师和学生的各种因素的总和。大致包括物理环境(如课堂中的颜色、温度、照明等自然环境、班级规模、学生座位排列形式、教学设备的供需)、社会环境(如师生关系、生生关系和课堂规则以及形成的课堂纪律)和心理环境(如课堂心理氛围)。课堂环境作为一种特殊环境,它有自己的环境特征:教育性、目的性和可塑性。小学是儿童各种能力和个性心理品质形成的重要阶段,课堂又是小学生进行学习活动的主要场所。因此,课堂环境的好坏对小学生的健康成长至关重要。在“为了每一位学生发展”的新课程理念下,良好的小学课堂环境应该以学生为本,注重教师对学生适时的引导和激励,注重师生共同设计、组织并进一步优化。那么,现实中小学课堂环境的状况如何,还需要我们到教学实践中去了解和分析。本研究选取了山西省黎城县的三所小学,通过观察和访谈相结合的方法对小学课堂环境进行了调查。通过调查发现,小学课堂环境中存在着以下问题:一是课堂物理环境简单化,学生主体性缺失;二是课堂社会环境形式化控制化,学生主动性缺失;三是课堂心理环境静态化,学生交往性缺失。通过对这些问题的深入分析,我们提出了几点对策:第一,教师要时常自我反思,主动改变旧的教学习惯;第二,把学生真正当作课堂的主人,鼓励学生参与课堂;第三,多参加新课程培训,开发课堂环境资源;第四,建立健康有效的评价机制。

【Abstract】 The Chinese nation’s rejuvenation and every student’s development are the starting point and the ultimate destination of the new curriculum reform. To achieve this goal, teachers and students should construct the new class in which teachers and students will exchange equal and interactive healthy. As a potential factor, classroom environment influent teachers’and students’the psychological activities and behavior. Therefore, teachers and students should let the class become the main platform of gathering the wisdom and inspiration. We must attach importance to the construction of the classroom environment.The classroom environment is all kinds of factors in the classroom that influent teachers and students. It include the physical environment (such as natural environment which include the classroom color, temperature, lighting, etc, the class size, the arrangement of students seating and the supply of teaching equipment), social environment(such as teacher-student relationship, student-student relationship, classroom rules and discipline), and the psychological environment(such as psychological atmosphere in the classroom). The classroom environment is a special environment. It has three characteristics:education, Purpose and plasticity.In primary school, the various ability and personality psychological qualities of Children are formed at this stage. The classroom is the main place for schoolchild to study. Therefore, the quality of the classroom environment is essential for the healthy growth of primary school students. Under the "student-oriented" of the new curriculum idea, teacher should play attention to primary students, give them the guidance and encourage, make up a good classroom environment together. Well, we need to quest for the situation of the truly classroom environment. To survey the physical environment, social environment and psychological environment of the classroom, We selected three primary schools in Li Cheng city of Shan Xi province. With the method of observation and interviews, We found many questions in the classroom environment of the primary schools. Teachers have controlled students’development, which lead to the students lack of subjectivity. Teachers have stressed the quiet classroom environment, which lead to students lack of the initiative. Teacher stress on exchanges between teachers and students, which lead to the lack of exchanges between students and students. Through in-depth analysis of these issues, we believe that teacher should reflect old teaching practices, take students as the master of classroom, and encourage students to participate in the classroom. Teacher should take part in more training of the new curriculum. Teacher should establish the healthy and effective evaluation mechanism of classroom environment.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 西南大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2010年 08期
  • 【分类号】G622
  • 【被引频次】8
  • 【下载频次】1070
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