【作者】 孙欣；

【导师】 赵新华；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 环境工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市建设的迅速发展、城市化程度的进一步提高,尽管排水系统建设力度随之加大,但是城市内涝问题仍呈现日益显著的态势。由于城市内涝灾害多年来持续威胁城市安全,给城市的正常运转带来风险,因此本文将风险的概念引入城市内涝问题研究,结合先进的计算机模拟手段模拟雨水系统不同工况并进行城市内涝风险评价。风险技术与模拟技术的结合,使得水力模型的应用更具实用性,可以为其他城市或地区的雨水系统建模以及内涝风险分析提供借鉴,为城市暴雨管理、解决内涝问题提供了决策参考。首先,本文对城市雨水的计算机模型进行了比较并详细介绍了InfoWorks Collection System模型的理论和方法。其次,给出城市内涝的定义,系统分析了城市内涝问题的成因是气候、地面及人类活动的影响三个方面,其中气候因素中的暴雨是构成内涝的直接成因。再次,根据风险研究的理论和方法,确定了城市内涝问题的研究方法,即利用综合分解分析法、检查表法进行内涝风险辨识;利用概率分析法和蒙特卡洛法进行风险估计;利用模糊综合评价法进行风险评估。最后,在利用InfoWorks Collection System软件建立动态水力模型并利用泵站记录资料完成模型率定的基础上,结合实例模拟了降雨强度重现期和水泵失效情况下雨水系统的反应过程。提出利用积水深度和可恢复性作为内涝风险后果影响的量化指标,通过积水深度来表征内涝对城市交通带来影响的程度,通过可恢复性来表征地面遭到淹水后恢复正常的能力,并利用软件数据自编程序计算上述指标。根据模拟结果进行以节点积水风险代替地面内涝风险的评估并绘制特定重现期下的研究区域节点风险图,直观显示内涝风险程度,同时识别系统瓶颈,为日后暴雨管理、解决内涝问题提供科学的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of urban construction and the further increase of urbanization process, though government pays more attention to the construction of urban storm system, the problem of city waterlogging is still in an increasing trend. Since the urban security is constantly threatened by waterlogging disaster and there are some risks in the normal operation, in this paper risk assessment is applied to the study of city waterlogging and computerized simulation method is used to model different situations. The combination of risk study and computerized simulation which makes the application of hydraulic model more practical can be used not only for reference to modeling and risk assessment for other cities and regions but also for decision making in urban storm water management and waterlogging solution.Firstly, many urban storm water models developed by academic institutions, regulatory authorities, government departments and engineering consultants that are capable of simulating water quantity in an urban catchment are compared. The theories and methods of InfoWorks Collection System model are introduced. Secondly, the definition about city waterlogging is given. The reasons caused city waterlogging are weather, ground and the activities of human being and storm is the direct reason in weather.Thirdly, the theories and methods of risk study are demonstrated and comprehensive decomposition analytical method combined with check list method are applied to risk identification, then the methods of probability analysis and Monte Carlo simulation are applied to risk estimation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation provides techniques for risk evaluation.Finally, a hydraulic model based on case is built using InfoWorks Collection System software and verified using pump station records. Model reactions under the situations of several return periods and pump failure are discussed. Seeper depth and recoverability are selected as quantitative indexes of risk consequence and in order to calculate those indexes using CS dates programs are compiled. The index of seeper depth is characterized the influence on the urban traffic caused by waterlogging and the index of recoverability is characterized the capacity restored to normal from waterlogging. Risk assessment on which node risk is substituted for district risk is carried out according to the results of the simulations and risk map of specific return period is drew that can reflect the degree of city waterlogging and identify the bottle neck of the system and provide the scientific basis of storm water management and waterlogging solution.更多还原