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基于DSP的超声波检测仪的设计

Design of Ultrasonic Detector Based on DSP

【作者】 马磊

【导师】 李小俚; 苏连成;

【作者基本信息】 燕山大学 , 控制理论与控制工程, 2010, 硕士

【摘要】 在工业部门中,各种机器和设备运行是否稳定,直接影响到企业的经济效益,一些关键性的设备甚至起着决定企业命运的作用。因此,如何避免设备发生故障,一直以来都是人们极为重视的问题。为了检测设备的运行状态,本课题设计了一种结构简单、精度和实时性高、检测时无需拆卸设备、高速低噪声的利用旋转机械发出的超声波来检测机械故障的超声波检测仪。本设计采用高速、低噪声的放大器LMC6482设计了前置放大器和带通滤波器,对超声波探头采集到的信号进行放大和滤波处理,并设计了IIR数字滤波程序;设计了超声包络检波降频电路,将超声信号降频转换为人耳能听到的声音;使用线性稳压器LP2985ITP-5.0作为系统的电源控制部分,大大提高了系统工作电压的稳定性,保证了信号采集系统的正常运行;选用10位并行模数转换器TLV1571,完成超声信号的高速采集,最大采集频率达625KHz;并通过DSP的UART设计了RS232接口。其硬件模块具体包括通过Proteus和Multisim 10电子电路仿真软件设计的信号放大器、带通滤波和包络检波电路;使用LabVIEW编程环境开发上位机程序。实验结果显示该系统可以有效将采集到的信号转换成数字信号。系统具有体积小、速度快、噪声低、可靠性高、成本低等优点,可广泛应用于基于超声检测的工业领域。

【Abstract】 In the industrial sector, the stability of machines and equipment operating a direct impact on the economic efficiency of enterprises, and some critical equipment even play a role in deciding the fate of enterprises. Therefore, how to prevent equipment failure, especially catastrophic failure, has always been a problem that people attache great importance to.In order to monitor the running status of devices,a ultrasonic testing equipment of simple structure,high precision and real-time detection without requiring removal equipment was designed with the advantages of high speed、low noise,it used the ultrasound issued by rotating machinery-device to detect mechanical failure。In the system, high-speed, low-noise amplifier LMC6482 was used to design pre-amplifier and band-pass filter in order to enlarge and filter the signal collected on the ultrasonic probe, and IIR digital filter was also designed; An envelope detection circuit was designed as a frequency down converter to transform the ultrasonic signal into ordinary voices that human could hear. What’s more, a system of power control circuit was designed by using a linear voltage regulator LP2985ITP-5.0, that could greatly improving the stability of the system voltage and guarantee the system’s normal operation; The 10-bit parallel ADC TLV1571 was used to convert the collected high-speed ultrasonic analog signal into digital signal efficaciously, and the maximum sampling frequency could reach up to 625KHz.; and then the digital signal would be transported into computer through DSP’s external connection UART interface. The hardware modules specifically included the signal amplifier, band-pass filter and envelope detector circuit designed by using the electronic circuit simulation software of Proteus and Multisim 10. LabVIEW programming environment was used to develop host computer program. Experimental results show that the system could effectively collect ultrasonic signal and convert the signal into digital signal. The system could be widely used in industries based on ultrasonic testing with the advantages of small in size, high speed, low noise, high reliability and low cost.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 燕山大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2010年 08期
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