医疗废弃物物流的安全风险评价体系研究

【作者】 沈珊珊；

【导师】 柴建设； 何向军；

【作者基本信息】 首都经济贸易大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 医疗废弃物是一种高度危险的废弃物,作为一种特殊的废弃物,医疗废弃物的物流过程必然不同于一般的物流过程,较普通的商品物流,更加强调其安全性。由于医疗废弃物具有高度的空间传染性、潜伏性、病毒性和极强的腐蚀性等特征,在物流过程中一旦发生事故,造成的灾难将会是毁灭性的,不仅会造成巨大的人身伤亡和财产损失,危害环境和土壤,还会影响社会的安定。因此,对医疗废弃物物流过程中可能影响物流安全的风险因素即安全风险,进行分析、评价和管理控制,是医疗机构需要关注的事情。本文以医疗废弃物的物流过程为研究对象,从人-机-管理-环境的角度,主要研究了下面几个方面的内容：首先,介绍了医疗废弃物的定义、分类和处理方式等,分析了医疗废弃物的危害并对国内外对医疗废弃物物流的安全风险研究做了相关的阐述。其次,介绍了物流风险的控制理论和应用,描述了我国医疗废弃物物流的过程和物流过程的特点。再其次,在介绍我国医疗废弃物物流发展现状的基础上,分析了其中存在的安全风险问题,对医疗废弃物物流的安全风险按照人-机-管理-环境的角度进行了分类,从在对现实问题分析的基础上,分析了安全风险评价要素,提出了安全风险评价的两种模型,介绍了基于主观评价的多层次灰色指标评价法和模糊综合评判法,并运用这两种评价模型对A医院的医疗废弃物物流进行了安全风险评价,比较两种评价方法的结果,找出了重要的安全风险,为我国医疗废弃物物流的安全风险管理提供了有效的方法。最后,从具体的技术层面上,提出了医疗废弃物物流安全风险的管理措施,即RFID(无线射频识别)等信息技术的运用,重点介绍了RFID/GPS/GPRS的功能、适用性和优越性。对这些方法在医疗废弃物物流中的应用构建了框架,并对这些信息化技术在医疗废弃物物流中的应用提出了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Medical waste is a highly dangerous waste, as a special waste, medical waste logistics process is different from the normal logistics process, as compared with ordinary commodity logistics, greater emphasis on their safety. Because the medical waste has a high degree of spatial infectious, latent, viral and highly corrosive and other characteristics,,so if an accident happened in the logistics, the consequential loss caused by the disaster would be devastating, not only will cause enormous loss of life and property loss, harm the environment and soil, but also affect social stability. Therefore, it is very important for health-care institutions to analysis, evaluate and control the safety risk factors-safety risks during the process of medical waste logistics.In this paper, we mainly study the medical waste logistics process, from the human-machine-Management-environmental point of view, the main research contents aspects as follows:Firstly, we give the introduction of medical waste definition, classification and treatment methods, analyze the hazards of medical waste and give elaborated which related to the research on medical waste logistics safety risks at home and abroad.Secondly, we introduce the logistics risk control theory and application, describes the process of Chinese medical waste logistics and logistics process characteristics.Thirdly, based on the introduction of Chinese logistics development status of medical waste, analysis the existing safety risks, according to the human-machine-Management-environmental point of view,medical waste logistics safety risk have been classified based on the analysis of the problem of reality, we found the safety risk assessment factors and give two models of safety risk assessment:based on the subjective evaluation of the multi-level gray index evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. We use these two evaluation model of the logistics to make safety risk assessment of medical waste in the A hospital. Comparing the results of two kinds of evaluation methods, we can identify the significant safety risks for our medical waste logistics and provides an effective method of safety risk management for health-care institutions.Finally, from the specific technical level, we proposed medical waste logistics safety risk management measures, namely the use of information technology such as RFID, focusing on the functionality, applicability and superiority of RFID/GPS/GPRS. Based on these methods of the medical waste in the application of logistics, we build a framework and raise outlook of the information technology in the application of medical waste logistics in the future.更多还原