【作者】 孙瑞；

【导师】 白中科；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 土地资源管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 矿产资源是经济发展中必不可缺的重要物资,其开发利用是影响区域经济发展的一个重要因素,但矿产资源的开发不可避免的会引发很多环境问题,例如:地面沉降、矿山废弃物处理、水体污染、大气污染等。遥感技术具有多比例尺、多时相、多源数据、实时和快速等优点,能够高效准确地监测出矿山开发现状,为矿区的开发秩序整治和环境治理提供依据,实现土地资源的可持续利用。本文采用遥感技术,结合GIS手段,监测研究区矿山开采状况与土地利用的动态变化,调查因矿产资源开发引起的各种环境问题,为今后矿区矿山开发监测与土地利用变化研究进一步应用遥感技术、开展快速有效的监测评价提供思路。1、选用一期2008年的SPOT-5数据,对宁武调查区进行矿山开发遥感监测,先建立解译标志,运用人机交互解译方法对图像进行信息提取,并通过野外实地调查对提取结果进行了验证,主要从矿产资源开发状况、规划执行情况以及矿山开发占地情况三方面进行研究。矿产资源开发状况研究是对金属矿山和非金属矿山的开发秩序进行调查监测。2、选用两期2007年和2008的IKONOS数据,重点对薛家洼-余庄调查区内由矿产开发引起的地质灾害问题、环境污染问题与生态恢复治理情况进行调查与研究。在矿产资源开采中,采矿、选矿和冶矿都易发生矿山环境问题,其中在选矿和冶矿过程中容易引起资源破坏和环境污染问题,采矿过程则易产生地质灾害问题。而薛家洼-余庄调查区地质灾害问题主要表现为塌陷坑,环境污染问题主要表现为大气污染、粉尘污染和水资源污染。3、选用1993年TM、2000年ETM+、2007年TM和2008年IKONOS四期数据,将轩岗调查区土地利用类别划分为7种类型:耕地、林地、草地、工矿用地、住宅用地、未利用地、和交通用地,并对不同时段矿区土地利用变化进行监测,统计各种土地利用类型面积变化,对比分析调查区15年间的土地利用动态变化情况,最后从自然和人为机制两方面作驱动力分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mineral resources make significant contribution to economic development. However, its environmental impact has been a challenge, including coal mine accidents, land subsidence, damage to the water environment, mining waste disposal and air pollution. These are either environmental pollution or landscape change. Satellite remote sensing has the advantage of different spatial and temporal scales, and could provides key information for exploitation situation of mineral resources and monitoring land use change with high efficiency and accuracy.This paper is aimed to:(1) to assess the rate of abrupt and transitional land cover changes results from minning exploration based on remote sensing;(2) to analyze possible factors influencing land use/cover chance;(3) to evaluate the use of remote sensing techniques for exploitation Monitoring in mine field and as a result to contribute to mining disciplines and environmental policy.1、SPOT-5 data in 2008 is selected for investigation: First, interpreting marks are established; then,the method of interactive interpretation is used to extract land use over information; at last, The results have been taken field for correction, mainly including the exploitation of mineral resources, the implementation of mining area plan and the land utilization.2、IKONOS data in 2007 and 2008 is selected to investigate the geological disasters,environmental pollution and ecological restoration in the Xuejiawa-Yuzhuang mining areas. In the exploitation of mineral resources, mining, selecting process and smelting ore would cause the mine environment issues. In selecting process and smelting ore environmental pollution is easier to be caused, while in the mining process geological disasters are induced easily. Land subsidence as a kind of geological disasters is import adverse impact in Xuejiawa-Yuzhuang , and there are still other environmental issues, such as air pollution ,dust pollution, water pollution in this area.3、Data comprises of two scenes TM (1993 and 2007), one scene ETM+ (2000) from ETM+ and one scene IKONOS(2008) .The land cover in Xuangang is classified into 7 types according to the resolution of image and field survey, they are arable land, forest land, grassland, construction land, residential land, unused land, communication and transposition land, the evolution of the land utilization in different periods is monitored, the variations in the land area for different usage is surveyed, and the dynamical variations in the usage of land in the investigated area during the past 15 years is compared and analyzed, finally, the motivation analysis is done based on both natural and artificial mechanisms. Furthermore , we analyze the drive force by nature and human activities according the land use change during 15 years in study area.更多还原