【作者】 刘李；

【导师】 刘文灿；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 资源管理工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 矿化异常作为成矿、控矿和找矿标志等综合的近矿标志,在地质矿产的前期勘查中常被作为重要信息参与靶区优选。电磁波与地表岩石、地质体发生作用,产生其特征光谱为遥感提取矿化蚀变信息提供了物理基础。随着遥感成像技术和数字图像处理技术的发展,利用遥感技术结合多源地学信息提取矿化蚀变信息正越来越多的应用到实际地质工作中。本次以植被覆盖度较低的内蒙古额济纳旗红旗山区为研究区,该区矿产资源丰富,但地质勘查工作程度低,找矿难度大,传统找矿方法难以展开。研究中分别使用ASTER多光谱数据和中国环境与灾害监测预报小卫星(以下简称环境减灾星)高光谱数据进行矿化蚀变信息提取工作,取得如下成果:1.使用FLAASH模块对区内的ASTER多光谱数据和环境减灾星高光谱数据进行大气校正,较好地消除大气影响,更为准确的从图像中获取地表反射率信息。2.分别使用HIS和小波变换法对ASTER多光谱数据和环境减灾星高光谱数据进行影像融合,得到高空间、光谱分辨率影像,HIS变换法的实际效果较好。3.使用ASTER多光谱数据对该区进行矿化蚀变信息提取。在经典crosta方法基础上,针对该区出现较多的铁染、高岭石+绢云母化和绿泥石化3组不同的蚀变矿物使用相应特征向量组合模型的主成分分析法进行蚀变信息提取,圈定了蚀变异常靶区,与实际矿体和蚀变带有较好相关性,体现了ASTER数据在提取粘土矿化信息蚀变方面的优势,证明该方法在类似地区的遥感矿化蚀变信息提取工作中的可行性。4.基于ASTER多光谱数据提取的3组矿化蚀变信息与区内围岩角岩化在空间分布上基本吻合,客观反映了实际地质情况。5.通过“沙漏”数据处理流程对环境减灾星的高光谱数据进行处理,提取铁染矿化蚀变信息,与基于ASTER多光谱数据的提取结果对比,匹配度较好,验证了该方法在处理环境减灾星的高光谱数据中的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mineralization anomalies, which include ore-forming or ore-controlling factors and mineralization indications, are widely used as significant information in target optimization and exploration deployment. The characteristic spectrum produced by the interaction between the electromagnetic wave and surface rock is the theory basis of the mineralizing alteration information extraction by remote sensing. With the development of the remote sensing imaging and the digital image processing technology, the remote sensing combined with the multisource geology is widely used in the geological survey.The area of Hongqi Mountain in the Ejinaqi ,Inner Mongolia, low vegetation cover, is abundant in mineral resources, but the work of mineral survey is still at a lower level which make the traditional methods of prospecting are useless. In the study., the multispectral data of ASTER (Advanced Space - borne Thermal Emission and Reflection) and the hyper spectral data of China’s Constellation of Small Satellites for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting are used to extract the information of the alteration of rocks and minerals. The main achievements are summarized as follows:1.The Realization of Atmospheric Correction is based on the FLAASH(Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes). The research showed that the atmospheric influences of the satellite images could be eliminated well and accurate surface albedo can be got after FLAASH atmospheric correction.2.The HIS transform and wavlet transform are used for the information fusion to get hyperspectral and high-resolution image. The results shows that HIS transform is more suitable for the study.3.The extraction with ASTER data is Based on the method of the crosta, the combination model with selected eigenvectors of PCA is effectively done to extract the alteration information of the iron mineralization, kaolinization+ sericitization and chloritization. The result is validated by the known mineralization spots. This study shows that ASTER data has better capability for recognition of clay mineral.It also proves the feasibility of this method used for mineral resources searching by remote sensing at such region.4.The alteration information extracted with ASTER data is matching with the spatial distribution of wall-rock hornfelization.5.The extraction of iron mineralization with hyper spectral data of the Satellites for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting, processed by“Hourglass”procedure, is matching the result of the extraction with ASTER data shows the feasibility of the method.更多还原