【作者】 王明星；

【导师】 边信黔；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 核能科学与工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 预测控制是基于预测模型、滚动优化、反馈校正三项基本原理基础上的。由于实际上不可避免地存在着模型误差和环境干扰,这种建立在实际反馈信息基础上的反复优化,能不断顾及不确定性的影响,并及时加以校正,反而要比只依靠模型的一次优化更适应实际过程,有更强的鲁棒性。所以预测控制是针对传统最优控制在工业过程中的不适用性而进行修正的一种新型优化控制算法。广义预测控制是预测控制中最具代表性的算法之一。它具有如下的特点：(1)基于传统的参数模型,模型参数少。(2)是在自适应控制研究中发展起来的,保留了自适应控制方法的优点,但比自适应控制方法更具有鲁棒性。(3)更适用于工业生产过程的控制。本文对一体化压水堆的结构特点和动态特性进行了分析,对反应堆-回路进行了必要合理的简化,在此基础上建立了一体化压水堆功率控制系统的动态数学模型,包括中子动力学模型、氙毒动力学模型、反应堆热工水力模型等。根据建立的模型,运用广义预测控制算法对反应堆功率控制进行了研究。在研究了直流蒸汽发生器的结构和换热等特点基础上,应用可移动边界,集总参数法,根据质量、能量和动量守恒方程,建立了直流蒸汽发生器的数学模型。由于核动力汽轮机是较复杂的蒸汽能量转换设备和被控对象。将系统的数学模型分成六个部分来描述,它们分别是：进气量计算、调节级后汽室压力的计算、膨胀做功计算、转子模型、转动惯量的计算和负载模型。最后根据所建立的反应堆、直流蒸汽发生器和汽轮机模型进行一体化核动力装置一、二回路的广义预测控制方法研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Predictive control is based on predictive model, circle-optimization and feedback emendation. Because there are model error and environment disturbance, the optimization based on practice feedback can consider the unpredictable effect, and proofread in time. It has more robustness than the once optimization rely on model. So, predictive control is a new optimal arithmetic aim at traditional optimal control can’t adapt in the industrial process.Generalized predictive control is one of the most representative arithmetic in predictive control. It has characteristics as follows:(1) based on the traditional models, model parameter is few. (2) It developed on the self-adaptation control research, and reserved the excellences of the self-adaptation control method, but has more robustness than the self-adaptation control method. (3) It is a control which adapt to industrial produce process.In this paper, the structure characteristics and the dynamic characteristics of integrated Pressurized Water Reactor are analyzed. The primary loop of the reactor was reasonably simplified, and based on the simplification, the mathematical models of power regulating system were established. Those models included Neutron dynamics model, dynamics model of xenon poison, reactor thermal technology hydraulic model etc. Generalized predictive control was used to control the power of reactor based on the model.In the basis of researching the structure and heat transfer features of once-through steam generator, and then according to the mass, energy and momentum balance equation, the steam generator’s model is built by lumped parameters with moving boundary.The nuclear-powered turbine is a complex steam-energy conversion equipment and controlled object. So, the math model is compartmentalized six parts, they are air input calculation, regulating stage back chamber pressure calculation, doing work by expansion calculation, rotor model, moment of inertia and load model.At last, according to the model of reactor, steam generator and turbine were built, the primary and secondary loop system are researched with the generalized predictive control method.更多还原