【作者】 杜晓燕；

【导师】 王庆玲；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 死亡是关乎人类生存的最基本问题之一,长久以来,它一直是人类的一个谜团和兴趣的焦点,而且也是文学创作所青睐的永恒主题之一。但是只有极少数作家像埃德加·爱伦·坡一样使自己的作品如此广泛地充溢着死亡主题,而对死亡这一主题有如此深刻见解的作家则是更少。坡的死亡诗表达了人类面对幻灭和认识到生命的无意义以及死亡不可抗拒的威力时的剧烈痛苦和沮丧。《乌鸦》、《安娜贝尔·李》、《尤拉路姆》和《征服者爬虫》是体现坡的悲观主义人生观的最为典型的死亡诗。前三首诗歌以美女之死为焦点,描绘了诗人的欲望和幻灭,以及相因而生的绝望,最后一首诗歌则阐释了人生的无谓及其可怕而又可悲的结局—死亡。这些诗歌中的文学元素都表达了一种悲伤和绝望的情感。诗中环境的描绘、韵律和修辞手法的运用组成了一个有机的整体,帮助传达沮丧和悲观的情感。且这四首诗也形成一个有机体,阐释了被欲望激励,因幻灭绝望,以及以恐怖的死亡为终结的人生全过程。以上述诗歌为例,本文采用新批评中的有机统一体学说来解读坡的死亡诗中的悲观主义。本文分为五个部分,第一章为导论,简要地介绍了埃德加·爱伦·坡和他的死亡诗。第二章是相关的国内外的文献综述。第三章简述了新批评中有机统一体学说的内涵意义。第四章为本文的主体部分,探究坡的死亡诗中的悲观主义。这一章进一步分为三个部分,第一部本分别分析诗歌《乌鸦》、《安娜贝尔·李》和《尤拉路姆》,阐述每首诗中,各个元素集合成为一个表达诗人痛苦和绝望的情感的有机统一体。第二部分分析诗人悲观主义的原因—对梦想的追求的徒劳和对人类生存的可悲结局的认识。第三部分分析诗歌《征服者爬虫》,阐释了人类生存的荒诞和死亡至高无上的威力。最后一章从总体上概述了坡的死亡诗,然后得出结论,坡的死亡诗通过将人生描绘为欲望—绝望—死亡的可悲过程而流露出他的悲观主义人生观。更多还原

【Abstract】 Death is one of the most fundamental existential problems of human beings, which has long been a mystery and a focus of interest for human beings and has always been one of the most eternal and favorite topics of literary creation. But there are few writers whose works are so much permeated with the theme of death as Edgar Allan Poe’s, and fewer with such a profound insight into it. Poe’s poems on death express the fierce anguish and depression of human beings when they are depressed by disillusionment and realize the meaninglessness of life and the unconquerable power of death. "The Raven," "Annabel Lee," "Ulalume" and "The Conqueror Worm" are Poe’s most typical poems on death, which fully reflect his pessimistic philosophy. The former three poems, focusing on the topic of death of a beauty, depict the poet’s desire, disillusionment and then the consequential despair, and the last one illustrates the meaninglessness of human existence and its hideous and lamentable finale—death.The literary elements of these poems constantly express the emotion of sorrow and despair. Forming an organic unity, the depiction of the setting and the application of rhymes and rhetoric devices assist in delivering depressive feelings and conveying a pessimistic mood. And these four poems also form an organic unity to illustrate the process of human life, which is stimulated by desire, depressed by disillusionment and ends in hideous death. Taking the poems mentioned above as examples, this thesis adopts New Criticism to interpret the pessimism in Poe’s poems on death, focusing on the issue of "organic unity." The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which briefly introduces Edgar Allan Poe and his poems on death. The second chapter gives an account of the relevant literature review, which contains the international and domestic studies. The third chapter is a brief account of "organic unity" in New Criticism. The fourth chapter is the central part, which explores pessimism in Poe’s poems on death. This part is further divided into three sections, "The Raven," "Annabel Lee," and "Ulalume" are respectively analyzed in the first section to illustrate that in each of these three poems, every element integrates into an organic unity to express the poet’s feeling of distress and despair. The second section explains the causes of the poet’s pessimism—the futility of his pursuit of dreams and the realization of the hideous finale of human existence. And in the third section, the poem "The Conqueror Worm" is analyzed to illustrate the absurdity of human existence and the sovereign power of death. The last chapter summarizes Poe’s poems on death as a whole, and then concludes that through depicting human existence as the process of desire, despair, and death, his poems on death express his pessimistic philosophy.更多还原