“水月观音”考论

【作者】 郭敏飞；

【导师】 王志忠；

【作者基本信息】 杭州师范大学 ， 中国哲学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文拟从佛教哲学、形象艺术、与其对中国本土母性崇拜文化的提升三个层面对“水月观音”的文化意蕴做考察研究。认为水月观音“以象传法”的美学形象在佛教文化中具有非常丰厚的思想内涵,在现实信仰中具有广泛的影响。第一层面剖析水月观音的佛教哲学内涵。“水月”意象的隐喻十分普遍地在佛教经典、文人诗作中频繁出现。同时从水月普施的角度,对被众苦逼迫的众生体现出无限慈爱与深切悲悯,符合大乘佛教慈悲精神。并认为水月观音正是建立在以“善权方便”之法,拔苦予乐的大乘慈悲精神之上,具有丰富的佛教哲学内涵。另外空观思想在主张“诸法皆空”的同时,建立了男女平等性别观,以“善权方便”之法救度众生,这也为女性身份的佛、菩萨的出现提供可能。第二层面考述水月观音作为艺术形象与中国山水画禅境的关系。认为受中国“尚象”思维影响的中国山水画,注重意境体验及心无所住的禅境,而水月观音艺术形象的创造正是对这种超越凡俗的艺术境界的体验。并从“尚象”思维的实践角度,对武则天时期的造像工程进行考察,认为本土的“尚象”精神及大型的造像运动对水月观音形象的产生有重大的文化价值。最后,对水月观音形象的艺术演变做一个略述,以深化水月观音在宗教中“艺以载道”的艺术作用。第三层面挖掘水月观音在信仰功能方面,对中国本土母性崇拜的升华。通过中国早期水、月自然崇拜及水、月女神崇拜的剖析,分析水月意象在中国文化中的特殊地位。从而分析对水月观音对于中国本土母性崇拜的文化意义,进而提炼成为一种具有深刻内涵的文化意义,总结水月观音宗教信仰心理特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thesis investigates and researches the cultural implication of“the Water-Moon Kwan-yin”from three aspects, the Buddhist Philosophy, graphic arts, and their promotion of the China’s local culture of maternity worship. The Water-Moon Kwan-yin owns an aesthetic image of“conveying the Buddhist dharma through images”, which has profound connotations in the Buddhist culture, affecting greatly on the practical beliefs.In the first aspect, the thesis dissects the Buddhist philosophical connotation of the Water-Moon Kwan-yin. The images of“water-moon”have been frequently quoted in the Buddhist sutras and in the poems of literators. Meanwhile, from the perspective of giving alms like the water and moon, the Water-Moon Kwan-yin shows her mercy and sympathy to all the living creatures who are suffering from hardships, which complies with the mercy in Mahayana Buddhism. It is also taken in that the Water-Moon Kwan-yin is based on the Mahayana compassion which advocates the dharma of“conducting guidance in accordance with the environment”and relieving misery and giving happiness, showing its rich Buddhist philosophical connotations. Besides, the ideology of emptiness advocates“all original essence is emptiness”while establishing the idea of gender equality so as to save the masses of mankind through“conducting guidance in accordance with the environment”, which makes possible the emergence of female Buddha and Bodhisattvas.The second aspect explores the relationship between the Water-Moon Kwan-yin as art image and Zenic enlightenment of the Chinese landscape painting. The Chinese landscape painting, heavily influenced by“image preference”thinking, attaches great importance to experiencing artistic imagery and non-abiding Zenic enlightenment, and the creation of the Water-Moon Kwan-yin image happens to experience the unworldly artistic imagery. The thesis , in respect of“image preference”thinking, studying the statutes- building project in Wu Zetian’s era, holds that the local“image preference”spirit and the massive image of the Buddha-building is of great value in the emergence of the Water-Moon Kwan-yin image. At last, the thesis has made a brief statement of the artistic transformation of the Water-Moon Kwan-yin image so as to strengthen the artistic effect-“art as the carrier of truth”, taken by the Water-Moon Kwan-yin in religion.The third aspect explores the way the Water-Moon Kwan-yin helps distil Chinese local maternity Worship with respect of the function of faith. The thesis, based on the analysis of the worship of water, moon, nature as well as water god, moon goddess, investigates the special role played by water and moon imagery, and makes further analysis of the cultural sense the Water-Moon Kwan-yin raises to Chinese local Marian Worship. The thesis is to be culturally leveled up, and ends up with the psychological features of Water-Moon Kwan-yin religious belief.更多还原