【作者】 许浩伟；

【导师】 于丽； 张锡波；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 化学工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 孤岛油田已进入特高含水期开发阶段,随着注聚、热采等三次采油技术的不断应用,采出液越来越复杂,使得原油脱水和污水处理难度加大。而传统的破乳剂筛选方法对原油性质与破乳剂的破乳效果缺乏系统、有效的关联,使破乳剂的合成和筛选针对性不强,造成工作量大,效率低,一旦原油脱水出现问题,不能及时解决生产问题。针对这一难题,提出以采出液组分分析为起点,对采出液进行分离分析,建立了采出液的分离及各组分分析表征方法,系统研究原油及其组分的界面性质,确认沥青质是原油乳状液稳定的主要因素,聚丙烯酰胺的加入,又增加了乳状液的稳定;通过研究不同类型破乳剂对原油各组分乳状液的破乳效果,建立了原油组分性质与破乳剂结构性能的关系图板并使之程序化,为原油破乳剂选型及复配提供了判别依据。一方面,在破乳剂关系图板的指导下,研发出适用于孤岛油田采出液特点的高效破乳剂和含聚污水处理剂。另一方面,通过对污水中有机物各亚组分的乳化性能分析,确认酸值高及极性大的亚组分乳化能力强,在对含聚污水稳定性影响因素及处理对策的研究基础上,研发复配出适合高含聚污水的处理剂。使用研发复配的破乳剂和污水处理剂,在孤二联和孤五联试验应用一个月,孤五联外输油含水由平均1.2%降为平均0.7%,外输污水含油由试验前的平均2700mg/L降为平均144mg/L;孤二联外输油含水由平均1.6%降为平均1.0%,外输污水含油由试验前的平均2700mg/L降为平均190mg/L左右,取得了明显的效果,外输原油含水降低,用量减少,并且脱后水中含油明显降低,外输污水含油大大降低,解决了孤岛油田含聚污水难处理的问题。两个联合站处理成本都不高于目前处理成本,且试验期间获得较大经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gudao Oilfield had been in production with extremely high water cut. The produced liquid was more and more complicate with the application of EOR technique such as polymer flooding and thermal recovery. And the problem of crude oil dehydrating and sewage disposal was more and more difficult. It was lack of systematic and effective correlation between the traditional method of screening demulsifier and the crude oil character and deemulsification of demulsifying agent, it caused no pertinence of the synthesis and screening of demulsifying agent, heavy work and low level efficiency. Once crude oil dehydration appeared, it could not be resolved timely. According to the problem, starting with liquid component analysis were putted forward. The separation of the produced fluid and component analysis characterization was built by the analysis of separated produced fluid. It was observed that the primary factor for the stability of oil emulsion was asphalt by the systematic study of the interfacial properties of crude oil and its components. At the same time, the addition of polymer also stabilized the emulsion. The relative board of the constitutive property of crude oil components character and the structure performance of dcmulsifiers was founded and was programmed by the study on effect of the different demulsificrs for oil emulsion, which would offer the discriminant foundation for the choice of demulsifying agent and its assemblage. On the one hand, high efficiency demulsifying agent and polymer-bearing sewage treatment agent ware developed, which were applicable to the produced liquid in Gudao oilfield under the guidance of the relative board. On the other hand, the subfabric with high acid value and large polarity had high emulsifying ability through the analysis of emulsifying performance of organic subfabric in sewage. On the base of affecting factor and treatment for polymer-bearing sewage stability, the suitable treating agent for polymer-bearing sewage was developed. The demulsifying agent and treating agent of sewage were tested one month in Gudao II joint station and Gudao V joint station, which produced an obvious result. The water cut of extarnal oil was dropped from the average of 1.2% to 0.7%, the oil cut of external sewage was dropped from the average of 2700mg/L to 144mg/L in Gudao V joint station. The water cut of extarnal oil was dropped from the average of 1.6% to 1.0%, the oil cut of external sewage was dropped from the average of 2700 mg/L to 190 mg/L in Gudao II joint station. The water cut of extarnal oil was dropped apparently, the usage of treating agent and the oil cut of external sewage were reduced, and the problem of the difficult treatment ofpolymer-bearing sewage in Gudao oilfield was resolved. The treatment cost of the two joint stations was no higher than the present. Big economic benefit was obtained during the experiment.更多还原