【作者】 徐亚兰；

【导师】 何潮洪；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 化学工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 萃取过程以其生产能力大、分离效率高、能耗低、便于快速连续和安全操作等一系列优点获得广泛应用。本文从物理、化学两个角度分别研究了两种强化萃取的方法:一种是利用高速逆流色谱中的多变行星式离心力场进行物理强化,该力场可以使高速逆流色谱中的两相进行剧烈混合与分层,从而使溶质在高速逆流色谱中得到充分的分配和高效率的分离;另一种是利用络合反应驱动力进行化学强化,对于强极性有机物或有机物盐分离具有较大的优越性。第一章对高速逆流过程和络合萃取两种方法的原理、特点进行了介绍,并重点介绍了高速逆流色谱的传质特性、溶剂系统的研究以及络合萃取技术的应用。第二章从传质动力学的角度研究了高速逆流色谱中的轴向扩散特性。以不溶于上相的KI为实验对象,测定了双相体系的轴向扩散系数并与单相体系的轴向扩散系数进行了比较。进而采用无因次准数法建立了轴向扩散系数的数学模型,该模型同时考虑了设备参数、操作转速、流速、溶剂物性对轴向扩散系数的混合效应。第三章从络合反应的角度研究了离子交换萃取在分离氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐中的应用。采用二(2-乙基已基)磷酸钠萃取目标物,研究了萃取温度、萃取剂初始浓度、被萃取剂初始浓度、pH值对分配系数的影响;建立了分配系数模型,并讨论了四种特殊情况下的分配系数表达式。第四章从相平衡的角度对液液两相体系的分配系数进行了初步探讨。以UNIFAC基团贡献法为基础,建立了分配系数计算方法,并用VC++开发了活度系数和液液平衡计算程序。并对部分天然产物的分配系数进行了计算。最后对本文的主要研究内容进行了归纳总结,对液液平衡分配系数和高速逆流过程水力学特性的进一步研究提出了一些建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Extraction is widely applied due to its great productivity,high separation efficiency,low energy consumption and continuous safe operation.Extraction intensification from physical and chemical aspects has been carried out in the dissertation,One intensification is to take advantage of a changeable synchronous planet centrifugal field in High-speed counter current chromatography（HSCCC） where two phases are subject to the repetitive processes of mixing and settling,and thus solutes can be separated with high efficiency.The other is to make use of the driving force from complexation reaction.This method has great advantages in the separation of strong-polar organic compounds with high selectivity and high efficiency.Chapter 1 gives a review about the theories and characteristics of high-speed countereurrent process and complexation extraction,mainly focusing on mass transfer behavior and solvent system of HSCCC as well as application ofcomplexation extraction.Chapter 2 deals with the axial dispersion coefficient in HSCCC from the angle of mass transfer.Experiments were implemented with KI which was not soluble in upper phases.Axial dispersion coefficients in dual phases were measured and a comparison was made with those in single phases.Moreover,a mathematical model based on dimensionless numbers was set up. The model describes the influences of apparatus parameters,rotation speed,velocity,solvent properties on the axial dispersion coefficients.Chapter 3 deals with ion-exchange extraction of glucosamine hydrochloride with sodium di-（2-ethylhexyl） phosphoric acid（D₂EHPNa） from the angle of complexation reaction.The effects of temperature,initial concentrations of D₂EHPNa and glucosamine hydrochloride and pH of aqueous solution on distribution coefficient were investigated.A mathematical model about distribution coefficient was proposed and four special cases were discussed.Chapter 4 deals with distribution coefficient liquid-liquid equilibrium.A calculation method about distribution coefficient was given based on UNIFAC model.A program concerning activity coefficient and liquid-liquid equilibrium was developed using VC++ and distribution coefficients of some natural products were calculated. Chapter 5 summarizes the main contents of the dissertation,and several research suggestions about distribution coefficient in liquid-liquid equilibrium and hydrodynamic behaviors in HSCCC were proposed.更多还原