【作者】 龙小清；

【导师】 梁建国； 刘保华；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 水利项目,社会和经济效益显著,但投资大、工期长、结构复杂,影响其建设及经济效益的不确定性因素很多,使水利工程项目的建设存在着较大的风险。随着我国项目法人责任制的实施,本着“谁投资,谁受益,谁承担风险”的原则,以往由国家独自承担的水利建设项目中的风险转移到水利工程项目法人(业主单位)身上,而业主方的主要风险是在立项决策阶段,立项以后,其风险主要集中在招标阶段。目前,招标阶段的风险并没有引起我国业主足够的重视。本文根据水利工程项目业主在招标过程中的主要工作及内容,结合水利工程的招标实践,详细讨论了业主在招标过程中可能面临的主要风险和应对措施。编制招标文件的风险主要包括:发包方式合理选择、工程量清单编制质量、材料设备的采购方式、业主对工程的质量和工期要求、保函或保证金、索赔等。在确定招标方式时,应分析项目特点和业主的专业管理水平,合理选择招标方式,降低招标方式的风险。采取资格预审,排除不合格承包商和评价标准的合理确定以加强竞争。本文认为最低价中标法关键在于确定投标人报价是否低于“企业的个别成本价”,采用分析承包商的报价和让利真实性来预防,并且把合同实施中的不确定性尽可能地在业主和承包商之间进行合理地划分。本文重点分析了工程量清单报价下的承包商不平衡报价。通过分析引起不平衡产生的原因和常见的表现类型,得到产生不平衡报价的两个因素:资金时间价值因素和工程量、分项工程的变化因素。根据对这两个因素的计算,建立了业主的不平衡报价损失模型,并用具体的实例对模型进行了验证。在基础层次分析不平衡报价可能性上,得到不平衡报价的应对措施。本研究结果对业主在招标过程中减少业主损失有一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Water Conservancy Project has conspicuous society and economic effect, but it has the characteristic of high investment, long construction period and complicate structures. There are many indefinite factors that they have impact on the construction and the economic effect. So there are much risk exist in the construction of the project. As China’s water conservancy construction management system reform, the implementation of the project legal person responsibility system, the spirit of "who invests, benefits, who bears the risk" principle, in the past by the state to bear alone the construction of water conservancy projects, the risk has been transferred to corporate water project (unit owners) risk. The main risk to the owners are the decision-making at the project stage, in the project, the water project the risk of the owner at the tender stage.At present, the owners did not pay sufficient attention to the risk of the tendering stage in our country. In this paper, water project owners in accordance with the bidding process and content of the major work, combined with the practice of hydraulic engineering of the tender, it discusses detailly that the owners may face major risks and response measures in the tender process. The risk of the preparation of tender documents include: a reasonable choice of contracting methods, BOQ preparation of quality, materials and equipment procurement method, the owner of the project quality and project requirements, guarantee or bond, and other claims. In determining the tender, it should analyze the characteristics and the owners of the professional management level, a reasonable choice of tender can reduce the risk of tender. Pre-qualification to take to remove unqualified contractors and evaluation criteria to determine the reasonable to enhance competition. This paper holds the key to the lowest successful method is to determine whether the bidders bid less than the "cost of individual enterprises," the use of analysis of the offers and let the contractor to it can be prevented by analysising of the offers、authenticity and as much as possible demarcation the uncertainty between the owners and contractors a reasonable in the implementation of the contracThis paper analyzes the pricing of BOQ Price contractors imbalance. By analyzing the causes of the imbalance caused by and the common performance type, two factors of unbalanced offer was obtained: time value of money and projects to changes in sub-factors engineering. According to the calculation of these two factors, the loss imbalance pricing of the owners model established, and specific examples of the model is validated. Analysising of the possibility of imbalance quoted price in the basic-level, response measured of the imbalance quoted price was obtained.The results of this study in the tendering process to reduce the loss have a certain significance for the owners.更多还原