【作者】 彭雪明；

【导师】 周文新； 屠乃美；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 水稻是喜硅作物。前人就硅肥对水稻产量形成的影响进行了大量研究。目前,有关硅肥对超级稻,尤其是超级早稻产量形成的影响研究甚少,而硅肥对超级早稻氮利用效率与茎叶形态及抗倒伏性状的影响研究未见报道。为此,以超级早稻组合陆两优996为材料,于2008～2009年研究了硅肥对超级早稻产量形成、氮利用效率与茎叶形态及抗倒伏特性的影响。主要结果如下:(1)硅肥使超级早稻增产1.27%～5.53%,原因主要在于硅肥可促进分蘖、提高成穗率、提高叶面积指数与干物质积累量;硅肥在与氮肥配合施用条件下增产效果更好,且硅肥在氮肥运筹(基肥:蘖肥:穗肥:粒肥)6:2:1:1方式下的增产幅度高于4:2:3:1方式。(2)硅肥有利于提高超级早稻氮累积量、氮肥利用率、氮肥效率、氮素吸收效率、氮收获指数与氮素利用效率,而使氮生理效率略有减小。(3)硅肥与氮肥在提高水稻干物质积累量与产量、氮肥效率与茎秆直径等方面均存在互作增效效应。氮肥与硅肥配合施用是提高超级早稻产量与氮利用效率的有效手段。(4)硅肥有利于提高单茎叶面积、减小剑叶叶角、增大茎秆直径,显著提高茎秆抗倒力,单茎抗倒力提高0.042～0.056 N。在叶片形态(长度、宽度、叶夹角等)上,硅肥的效应与氮肥运筹方式有关,且不同叶位间也存在差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice is a type of tipical silicon-fonded crop.Many studies on effect of silicon fertilizer on yield formation of rice have been conducted by predecessors.At present, the study on effect of silicon fertilizer on super rice,especially on super early rice was seldom,while effect of silicon fertilizer on nitrogen utilization efficiency,morphology of stems and leaves and characteristics of lodging resistance was not reported.So effects of silicon fertilizer on yield formation,nitrogen utilization efficiency,morphology of stems and leaves and characteristics of lodging resistance of super early rice were studied in this study in 2008-2009 with Luliangyou 996,a super early rice combination breeded by Hunan Agricultural University,as material.The main results were showed as follows:(1) Yield of super early rice was increased by 1.27%～5.53%after silicon fertilizer application,and the reason mainly lied in increase of tillers,improvement of ear-bearing tiller rate,increase of leaf area index and dry matter accumulation.Effect of yield increasing was best under condition of combination of silicon fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer with a planning mode of 6:2:1:1(basal fertilizer:tillering fertilizer:panicle fertilizer:grain fertilizer).(2) Application of silicon fertilizer was advantageous to improve nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer efficiency,nitrogen uptake efficiency,nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen utilization efficiency of super early rice, while it was disadvantageous to improve the nitrogen physiological efficiency.(3) Positive interaction of silicon fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer on improvement of dry matter accumulation,yield,nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and diameter of stem was observed.Combinating application of silicon fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer was an effective measure to improve yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of super early rice. (4) Silicon fertilizer application was advantageous to heighten leaf area,decrease leaf angle of the flag leaf,increase diameter of stem and significantly heighten lodging resistance power of stem.Lodging resistance power per stem was increased by 0.042～0.056 N.Effect of silicon fertilizer on morphology of leaves,length,width and leaf angle was related to planning mode of nitrogen fertilizer,at the same time,there existed difference between different positional leaves.更多还原