【作者】 雷恩；

【导师】 唐启源；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 为了探索我国南方双季稻田的粮食生产潜力、经济效益和最佳种植模式,于2008年在湖南醴陵市白兔潭镇高产双季稻田,在高产栽培条件下进行了春玉米-晚稻种植模式(模式A)的产量和经济效益研究,以双季水稻(早稻-晚稻)种植模式(模式B)和双季玉米(春玉米-秋玉米)种植模式(模式C)为对照,主要研究结果如下：(1)模式A双季全年总产量为21280.8kg/hm2,与模式C (20988.4kg/hm~2)没有显著差异,比模式B(17174.6kg/hm2)显著增产。总成本投入大小亦以模式A>模式C>模式B,最后模式A的纯收益与模式C相当没有显著差异,但显著大于模式B。模式A春玉米产值占该模式总产值的56.8%,晚稻占43.2%,成本投入中春玉米农资产品的投入和晚稻的田间管理费用分别占主要因素。(2)模式A春玉米高产(12187.7kg/hm2)主要源于高的穗粒数(625粒/穗)和千粒重(423.1g)的增加,晚稻高产(9093.1kg/hm2)主要源于单位面积上较大的有效穗数(259.5万穗/hm2)和穗粒数(161粒/穗)。与此同时,春玉米和晚稻较高的地上部生物产量(分别为2292.3g/m2和1684.5g/m2)是模式A高产的物质基础。(3)对于春玉米-晚稻高产种植模式下春玉米,充分利用温光水资源,适期早播,选用半紧凑中晚熟杂交品种,合理施肥,采取控湿控倒、增穗(粒)、增(粒)重的“双控、双增”栽培配套技术,是夺取稻田春玉米高产的关键技术措施：选用晚熟大穗杂交品种,培育壮秧,增加本田移栽基数,足穗增粒,抗倒防衰,是夺取玉米茬晚稻高产的重要措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore food yield production potential, economic efficiency and the best crop plant mode in double season paddy fields in southern China, field experiment was conducted with 3 crop cultivation modes, including spring maize-late rice(mode A), double-cropping rice (mode B), and double-cropping maize (mode C), in Liling county of Hunan province in 2008. The study was carried out under high yield cultivation conditions and the main results are as follows:(1) The production of "spring maize-Late rice" is 21280.8kg/hm~2, the production of "spring maize-autumn maize" (20988.4kg/hm~2) is in second place. However, the difference did not reach significant levels. Production of double-crop rice is the lowest, only 17174.6kg/hm~2, the production of mode B achieved with mode A and mode C to significant differences levels. The total cost of three modes as follows:spring maize-Late rice＞double maize＞double-crop rice, the net incomes of three modes as follows: double maize＞spring maize-Late rice＞double-crop rice, however, net income of mode C and mode A did not meet the significant difference. The output of spring maize accounts for 56.8 percent and late rice accounts for 43.2 percent in the mode A.(2) The yield of spring maize is12187.7kg/hm~2 in the mode A, the yield of spring maize mainly depends on the grain number per ear (625 grain/ear) and 1000 grain weight (423.1g); the production of late rice is 9093.1kg/hm~2 in the mode A, the yield of late rice mainly depends on the panicle number per hectare (259.5million/ha) and grain number per pan (161 grain/pan). At the same time, the higher biomass production of the spring maize and late rice are 2292.3g/m~2 and 1684.5g/m~2, this is the material basis of mode A.(3) For the mode A, there is adequate rainfall and rich resources of heart energy during the spring maize growth, appropriate early seeding, selecting semi-compact of late-maturing maize varieties, reasonable fertilization, controlling humidity and lodging of maize and increasing grain number and grain weight, this method referred to as the " dual control and dual-add ". The late rice was selected late-maturing rice varieties, nurturing healthy and robust seedlings, increasing the density of late rice to increase pans and controlling lodging and aging. Only in this way can be high-yielding for late rice.更多还原