【作者】 黄冬维；

【导师】 张元跃；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究利用12个猪品种/群体,包括外来品种杜洛克猪、大白猪、长白猪、杂种猪长大(LY)、大长(YL)、杜长大(DLY)和杜大长(DYL),中国地方品种宁乡猪、桃源猪、大围子猪、沙子岭猪、海南五指山猪共643头猪为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP方法分析了ADIPOR1基因、CTSF基因的遗传多态性及基因频率和基因型频率,并对品种间基因型频率进行了卡方检验。同时,结合生长性能记录和屠宰性能记录,国内首次在猪上研究了ADIPOR1和CTSF因不同基因型对生长性状、胴体性状和肉质性状的遗传效应。主要结果如下:1 ADIPOR1基因1.1在湖南地方猪种大围子猪、沙子岭猪以及海南五指山猪中A等位基因为优势等位基因,而在宁乡猪、桃源猪中只发现一种基因型GG;在所有外来猪品种和杂交品种猪中G基因为优势等位基因,GG为优势基因型;除宁乡猪和桃源猪外其他品种/群体多态性均比较丰富。1.2在大白猪中,GG、AG基因型达100kg日龄分别比AA基因型低7.48%、7.46%且差异显著。在杜洛克猪中GG基因型达100kg日龄比AG基因型低5.99%,同时,GG、AG基因型能显著提高后腿比例,分别比AA基因型高8.98%、6.97%;选择GG基因型可能提高猪的生长性能。1.3在贮存损失性状上,GG基因型比AA基因型低25.2%;选择GG基因型可能减少贮存损失。2 CTSF基因2.1在中外品种中D基因为优势等位基因,在地方猪种、外来品种长白猪和杂交品种大长杂交猪中均未检测到CC基因型,宁乡猪中只发现了DD基因型。外来品种杜洛克和大白还有杂交猪中都检测到CC、CD、DD三种基因型,杜洛克和大白猪中的CD基因型为优势基因型。地方品种多态性不明显,而外来品种多态性较为丰富。2.2在大白猪中,CC基因型达100kg日龄比DD基因型低3.93%且差异显著(P＜0.05),但在杜洛克猪中CC和DD基因型达100kg日龄差异不明显。在四月龄活体背膘厚性状上,CC基因型个体比DD基因型个体低9.49%(P＜0.05);在杜洛克猪中,四月龄时100kg校正背膘厚指标上CC基因型比DD基因型高22.29%(P＜0.05),但在六月龄脂率性状上CC基因型比DD和AD分别低30.145%(P＜0.05)和35.656%(P＜0.05);在瘦肉率性状上,CC基因型比DD高7.147%(P＜0.05),表明CC基因型个体具有较薄的背膘厚和较高的瘦肉率,因而选CC基因型有提高瘦肉率的作用,等位基因C具有一定的正效应。本研究结果表明,ADIPOR1、CTSF基因有望作为生长、瘦肉率和肉质方面的一个主要候选基因或分子标记。更多还原

【Abstract】 By Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFCP),the genetic variations of ADIPOR1 and CTSF gene were detected in 643 pigs including 12 groups:Duroc,Yorkshire,Landrace,hybrid breeds: LY(Landrace×Yorkshire),LY(Yorkshire×Landrace),DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshi re),DYL(Duroc×Yorkshir×Landrace),native breeds(Ningxiang,Taoyuan,Daweizi, Shaziling,Wuzhishan).Then the gene frequencies and genotype frequencies were calculated according to the PCR-RFLP.The differences of genotype frequencies between groups were analyzed by Chi Square Test.The effects of ADIPOR1 gene and CTSF gene on growth traits,slaughter traits and meat-quality traits were estimated according to their growth and slaughter datas,which was firstly studied on pigs in China.The main results are as follows:1.The genetic polymorphism and effect of ADIPOR1 gene.1.A gene was preponderant allele in Daweizi,Shaziling,Wuzhishan,there was only one genotype GG in Ningxiang and Hunanheizhu;Genotype GG could be found in none of the exotic breeds and hybrid breeds,and allele G was the superiority one; There were great polymorphisms except Ningxiang and Hunanheizhu.2.In Yorkshire,the days-get-100kg-weight of GG,AG genotypes was lower by 7.48%,7.46%than that of AA and the differences were remarkable.In Duroc,the days-get-100kg-weight of GG genotype was lower by 5.99%than that of AG; Meanwhile,GG and AG genotypes which could improve the traits of hind leg were higher by 8.98%and 6.97%than that of AA;GG genotype can improve growth performance.3.Concerning the store loss traits,GG genotype was lower by 25.2%than that of AA;GG genotype may decrease the store loss.2.The genetic polymorphism and effects of CTSF gene1.In types of local and exotic breeds D gene was the superiority allele,there was no CC genotype individual in local breeds,only DD genotype in Ningxiang.In the exotic breeds(Duroc,Yorkshire) and hybrid breeds,there were CC,CD,DD three genotypes,CD was the superiority genotype in Duroc and Yorkshire.And the exotic breeds were more polymophisic than local breeds. 2.In Landrace,the days-get-100kg-weight of CC genotype was lower by 3.93% than that of DD and the difference was remarkable,but CC genotype and DD genotype were not so distinct in Duroc.On four month’s age of living body backfat thickness strait,CC genotype was lower by 9.49%than that of DD(P＜0.05);in Duroc,on four month’s age of the backfat thickness-rectify-100kg-weight,CC genotype was higher by 22.29%than that of DD(P＜0.05),however,on six month’s age of the fat percentage CC genotype was lower by 30.145%,35.656%than that of DD and AD(P＜0.05);With regard to the lean percentage,CC genotype was higher by 7.147%than that of DD and the individuals with CC genotype had thinner back fatness and higher lean percentage,allele C had the positive effects on lean percentage in pigs.The studies indicates that ADIPOR1 gene and CTSF gene could be used as candidate genes or molecular markers on growth,lean percentage and meat-quality traits.更多还原