【作者】 龚清杰；

【导师】 薛罡；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 环境工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 胶束强化超滤技术(MEUF)是一项新型的膜法净水技术,其研究始于上世纪60年代。该技术将表面活性剂的增溶性质和超滤膜的分离性能结合起来,适用于处理废水中的微量金属离子和分子量小于300的有机污染物质,是一项高效实用的微污染水处理方法。本文用紫外光谱法测定了表面活性剂对双酚A的增溶率,实验表明阳离子表面活性剂氯代十六烷基吡啶(CPC)、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对双酚A的增溶率大小依次为:CPC＞SDBS,分配系数Kmc分别为4.06和3.99。为了提高对双酚A的增溶率,在SDBS和CPC中分别加入非离子表面活性剂、电解质。实验表明,电解质的加入以及表面活性剂的复配都能提高单一表面活性剂对双酚A的增溶率。研究中分别采用截留分子量为5000Dalon和1000Dalton聚砜膜以及截留分子量为1000Dalton的再生纤维素超滤膜进行胶束强化超滤。实验用的阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS),阳离子表面活性剂为氯代十六烷基吡啶(CPC),非离子表面活性剂为曲拉通100(TritonX-100)、吐温80(Tween-80)和烷基多苷(APG)。通过试验研究了超滤膜的性质、表面活性剂的浓度、进水双酚A的浓度、操作压力、超滤前的搅拌时间和静止时间、超滤时的搅拌速度、电解质、溶液pH等对双酚A的去除效果对超滤的渗透通量、出水表面活性剂SDBS的浓度的影响。研究发现:采用截留分子量为1000Dalton的聚砜膜对双酚A的截留效果与截留分子量为1000Dalton的再生纤维超滤膜对双酚A的载留效果相差不大,但当采用截留分子量为1000Dalton的聚砜膜时,渗透液中表面活性剂的浓度较低,渗透通量较大。超滤前的搅拌时间和静止时间、超滤时的搅拌速度等均对双酚A的截留率有一定的影响。操作压力虽然对双酚A的截留率没有很大影响,但对渗透通量有明显影响。CPC对双酚A的截留效果比SDBS对双酚A的截留效果好。SDBS的最佳投加量为24mmol/L,此时的截留率为79.92%;CPC的最佳投加量为5mmol/L,此时的截留率为93.79%。电解质的存在能显著提高BPA的截留效果,降低渗透液中表面活性剂的浓度。溶液pH值能显著影响MEUF过程特性,其对阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂的影响不相同。阴/非离子表活性剂复配体系在双酚A和SDBS的截留方面都优于单一阴离子表面活性剂,优劣顺序为Tween-80＞TritonX-100＞APG:阳/非离子表面活性剂复配体系在双A和CPC的截留方面也优于单一阳离子表面活性剂,优劣顺序为TritonX-100＞Tween-80＞APG。更多还原

【Abstract】 Micelle-enhanced ultrafitration(MEUF) is a brand-new water treatment of membrane technology, its research started the 60th of last century. This technology combined the surfactant with the ultrafitration membrane, it is suitable for remove the minim metal ion and the organic contaminate which molecular weight less than 300, it is a high efficiency and practicality water treatment for low-grade polluted water.In this article the solubilization rate of surfactants on bisphenol A was tested by ultraviolet adsorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that the sequence of solubilization rate in turn is cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the partition coefficients (Kmc) are 4.06 and 3.99 respectively. In order to improve the solubilization rate of surfactants on bisphenol A, nonionic surfactants and electrolyte were added to SDBS and CPC respectively. The results demonstrate that this method does improve the solubilization rate of surfactants on bisphenol A.Studies were carried out for the removal of bisphenol A from aqueous solutions by using Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration Technique (MEUF). The micellar enhanced ultrafiltration of BPA in synthetic wastewater using two polysulfone membranes of 1000 and 5000 dalton molecule weight cut-off (MWCO), one regenerated cellulose membrane of 1000 dalton molecule weight cut-off was studied. Experiments were performed as a function of an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, an cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride and three nonionic surfactants TritonX-100, Tween-80 and alkyl poly-glycosides.The effects on the removal efficiency of bisphenol A, the permeate flux, permeate concentrations of SDBS and CPC of various factors in the practical application of MEUF were studied, including the nature of membranes, surfactant and BPA concentrations, operating pressure, stirring time and setting time before the time of ultrafiltration, stirring rate at the time of ultrafiltration, electrolyte and solution pH.It was found that: There were not great different between using polysulfone membranes of 1000 dalton molecule weight cut-off and regenerated cellulose membrane of 1000 dalton Da molecule weight cut-off to the removal efficiency of bisphenol A, while the permeate concentration of surfactant is lower and the permeate flux is higher when we used polysulfone membranes of 1000 dalton molecule weight cut-off. Stirring rate at the time of ultrafiltration, stirring time and setting time before the time of ultrafiltration which have a few effect on the removal efficiency of bisphenol A. The operating pressure presents important influence on the permeate flux of the ultrafitration, while it has little effect on the removal efficiency of bisphenol A. The removal efficiency of bisphenol A using CPC is to be superior the removal efficiency of bisphenol A using SDBS. The optimal concentration of the SDBS is 24mmol/L, at this condition the removal efficiency of bisphenol A is 79.92%; The optimal concentration of the CPC is 5mmol/L, the removal efficiency of bisphenol A is 93.79% at this condition. The existence of electrolyte can improve the removal efficiency of bisphenol A and reduce the concentration of surfactant in permeation solution obviously. The solution pH has great and different effect on the nature of MEUF to anionic surfactant and cationic surfactant. The anionic-nonionic system is to be superior in the rejection of bisphenol A and SDBS to the pure anionic system, the preferential order is Tween-80, TritonX-100 and alkyl poly-glycosides; The cationic-nonionic system is to be superior in the rejection of bisphenol A and CPC to the pure cationic system, the preferential order is TritonX-100, Tween-80 and alkyl poly-glycosides更多还原