【作者】 陈红霞；

【导师】 曹博；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 法律， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 土地是人类赖以生存的重要载体。就其自然属性而言,土地具有有限性及永久性;就其社会属性而言,土地具有排他性及财产性。合理的土地制度,从大的方面讲,能够稳定社会、促进国家经济发展;从小的方面看,则可发挥人类创造社会财富的积极性,使土地这一重要的生产资料发挥出最大的效益。自家庭联产承包责任制推行以来,这种统分结合的以家庭经营为基础的双层经营体制,极大地冲击了以前的土地产权结构,农民掌握了土地的经营权,凭借自己占有的土地经营权,使用土地资源,使农村经济呈现出前所未有的发展态势。但这种通过行政手段即集体按人口均分土地的方式,忽视了市场机制在农地资源配置中的作用。随着市场经济体制的建立和社会经济的发展,其弊端日渐暴露出来。这表现在:一是土地利用不合理,出现耕地抛荒现象,大量“四荒”土地未被充分利用;有些地方农户投入不足,进行掠夺式经营,导致土地质量下降,生态环境遭到破坏;二是家庭承包制下的“均田制”,使土地发挥了社会保障功能,但也使农民对土地十分眷恋,许多农民即使从事二、三产业获得收入能满足较高生活的需要,也不愿放弃土地经营。由此可见,完善现行的农村土地承包经营权流转制度,已经显的十分的紧迫和必要。在实践中,目前农村的现实状况也为土地承包经营权流转市场的形成和发展提供了空间,我国广大农村也已经存在了大量的土地承包经营权流转现象,不少地方政府也在推进土地承包经营权流转工作中进行了一些积极探索,使得土地向种田大户和农业企业集中,满足了土地适度规模经营的需要。但由于受土地承包经营权流转法律制度不完善、农村社会保障体系滞后等诸多因素的影响,我国土地承包经营权流转仍面临诸多障碍。因此,如何使土地承包经营权流转朝着健康、有序的方向发展,建立起真正的“自愿、依法、有偿”的土地承包经营权流转机制成为迫切需要解决的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Land is an important carrier of mankind’s survival. On its natural attributes, the earth has a limited nature and permanent; in terms of its social properties, land and property has the exclusive nature. Rational land system, the big point of view, to stabilize the society and promote national economic development; small side, you can play a positive social wealth created by mankind, making this important means of land to play the greatest benefits. Since the household contract responsibility system since its implementation, which combines unified and separate operations of family-based double-layer management system, which greatly impact on the previous land ownership structure, and the farmers to master the right to operate the land, by virtue of their possession of the land the right to operate the use of land resources and the rural economy has seen an unprecedented momentum of development. However, this by administrative means, namely, collective way by population sharing the land, ignoring the market mechanism in the agricultural land resource allocation role. With the establishment of market economy system and socio-economic development, its drawbacks increasingly exposed. This is reflected in: First, land use is unreasonable phenomenon occurs Abandoned farmland, a large number of "four barren" land is not being fully utilized; inadequate investment in some places, farmers carry out predatory business, leading to decline in soil quality, ecological environment has been destroyed; 2 is the household contract responsibility system, under the "Equal-field system" so that the land has played a social security function, but also so that the farmers are very much attached to the land, many farmers have even engaged in secondary and tertiary industries to obtain revenue to meet the higher needs, and are also reluctant to give up land management. Thus, improve the existing rural land contracting and management rights transfer system has been very noticeable the urgent and necessary. In practice, the current reality of the situation in rural areas has also contracted land management right transfer market, the formation and development of space, China’s vast rural areas have existed for a large number of contracted land management rights transfer phenomenon, many local governments are also promoting the land contract management rights transfer the work carried out a number of active exploration, allowing the land to farming and agricultural enterprises large concentration of land appropriate scale to meet the needs. However, due to land contractual management rights transfer the legal system is flawed and lagging rural social security system and many other factors, China’s land contractual management rights transfer still faces many obstacles. Therefore, how to land contractual management rights transfer toward healthy and orderly development, establish a truly "voluntary, according to the law, compensation" land contractual management rights transfer mechanism is an urgent need to address the problem.更多还原