普通车床数控改造及精度分析

【作者】 陈艳红；

【导师】 刘德平；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题运用机电一体化系统设计思路与方法进行机床数控改造的结构设计,在设计上达到有高的静动态刚度;运动副之间的摩擦系数小,传动无间隙;便于操作和维修。并从经济型数控车床的控制原理模型分析影响整个系统精度的关键因素,分析影响机床定位精度的各项误差来源,提出相应的改进方法并应用于机床结构设计中。首先进行普通车床数控改造进给伺服系统机械部分的设计与计算,内容包括:确定系统的负载,运动部件惯量计算,步进电机的选择,滚珠丝杠副的选择和计算、滚珠丝杠副的刚度验算等。其次对改造后的经济型数控车床伺服进给系统建立控制原理模型。根据伺服进给系统控制原理模型,分别对伺服驱动元件的伺服精度、伺服机械传动元件传动精度进行分析,分析影响经济型数控机床定位精度主要因素。采用特殊的机械结构提高伺服机械传动元件传动精度并运用步进电机细分驱动技术,设计基于单片机控制的步进电机的细分驱动电路,减小步进电机的步距角及机床的脉冲当量,提高经济型数控车床的加工精度,改善电机运行的平稳性,减小噪声,增加控制的灵活性。普通机床数控化改造具有一定经济性、实用性和稳定性。其改造涉及到机械、电气、计算机等领域,本课题为采用信息技术对传统机械加工设备进行技术改造提供了一种精确、可靠的设计方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The subject of this application Mechatronics System Design of CNC machine tools and methods for the transformation of structural design, is designed to achieve a high level of static and dynamic stiffness; Vice movement between the friction coefficient of small, non-drive space; easy operation and maintenance. And economic control of the CNC lathe-model analysis of the principle of the whole system, a key factor in accuracy, analysis of the impact of machine tool positioning accuracy of the sources of error, put forward to improve the methods and tools used in the design of the structure.First of all, CNC lathe for general transformation into mechanical Servo System to the part of the design and calculation, including: the system load, the moving parts of inertia calculation, the choice of stepping motor, ball screw and the choice of terms, Ball Screws Checking such as the stiffness. Followed by the transformation of the economy after the NC to lathe into the servo control system to establish the principle model. According to the servo feed system control theory model of the servo-driven components of the servo precision, mechanical servo-drive transmission components for precision analysis of the economic impact analysis of the NC machine tool positioning accuracy of the main factors.General NC machine tool of a certain transformation of the economy, practicality and stability. Involves the transformation of its mechanical, electrical, computer and other fields, the topics for the use of information technology on the traditional mechanical processing equipment technology provides a precise and reliable design.更多还原