碳纳米管制备及其在光伏领域的应用展望

【作者】 耿梅艳；

【导师】 王海燕；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 凝聚态物理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 太阳能是人类取之不尽、用之不竭的可再生清洁能源。太阳能的有效利用可以同时解决人类生存所面临的两大危机“能源短缺”和“环境污染”。在太阳能的有效利用中,太阳能的光电利用是近年来发展最快、最具活力的研究领域。太阳能电池的研制和开发日益得到重视。降低成本、提高效率是太阳能电池的发展趋势。由于传统太阳能电池降价的空间有限,因此开发高效廉价的新型太阳能电池具有重要意义。碳纳米管具有极高的电荷传输性能,已被广泛地用于有机太阳能电池的制备中。然而,基于碳纳米管的有机太阳能电池是将粉末状的碳纳米管与有机材料共混,碳纳米管之间的结合较弱,因此导致较大的电阻且电子空穴对容易发生复合,使得太阳能电池的效率很低。直接将碳纳米管薄膜作为太阳能电池的电极或转换材料受到了研究者的青睐。虽然碳纳米管具有独特的结构、优异的电学性能、良好的化学稳定性和吸光性,然而它们在太阳能电池上的实际应用在技术上却受到了很大的限制。其中最重要的问题就是目前大规模制备的碳纳米管产物中杂质太多、碳纳米管的直径不均匀、且具有很多缺陷。因此,通过对碳纳米管制备工艺的研究,分析工艺条件和碳纳米管形貌、电学性质之间的关系,摸索出最佳工艺条件,制备出管径均匀、高纯度、结构完美、性能优良的碳纳米管,最终实现碳纳米管的低成本、大批量生产,具有重要的工业应用价值。本实验中,我们采用化学气相沉积法,在基底上制备了碳纳米管阵列,通过改变入口温度、载气总流量、氢气流量以及基底等工艺条件,制备出不同的碳纳米管阵列样品,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱仪和四点探针对碳纳米管阵列的结构、形貌和电阻率进行了表征,研究了制备条件对碳纳米管性能的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The solar energy is one kind of unexhausted pure renewable energy. It can solvethe two major crises of human survival facing------environmental pollution and energyshortage, with effective use of solar energy. In the effective utilization of solar energy, photovoltaic use is the fastest growing, most dynamic areas of research in recent years. The research and development of solar cells is increasingly paid more attention by people.The trend for the development of solar cell is to low the cost and improve the efficiency. As the price space of traditional solar cell is limited, so it is important to develop a new type of high performance and low cost solar cell. Carbon nanotubes have very high charge transfer property, have been widely used in the preparation of organic solar cells. However, organic solar cells based on carbon nanotubes is the carbon nanotubes powder and organic materials blends, the combination between carbon nanotubes is weak, resulting in greater resistance and high electron hole on the composite, making the efficiency of the solar cell is low. Directly use the carbon nanotube thin-film as the electrode or conversion materials of solar cells favored by researchers.Although carbon nanotubes have a unique structure, excellent electrical property, good chemical stability and absorption of light, however, their practical application of solar cells on the technical has been a lot of restrictions. One of the most important issues is the product of large-scale preparation of carbon nanotubes have too many impurities at present, the diameter of carbon nanotubes non-uniform, and have many defects. So it is beneficial industrially to find out the most optimum production parameters, preparation of uniform diameter, high purity, structural perfection and excellent performance of carbon nanotubes, and eventual realization low cost and large quantities of carbon nanotubes production, by analyzing the relationship between the electrical property and the production parameters.In this experiment, carbon nanotube arrays were synthesized in substrates by chemical vapor deposition. Different samples of carbon nanotube arrays were prepared by changing the process conditions, such as inlet temperature, carrier gas flow rate, hydrogen flow rate and substrate. The structure, morphology and electrical resistivity of carbon nanotubes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and four-point probe. The impact of preparation conditions on properties of carbon nanotubes was studied.更多还原