【作者】 闫奕心；

【导师】 韩恩贤；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 林业， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 结合实施的小流域治理工程,以千阳县冉沟流域为主要研究对象,在调查分析研究区自然条件、社会经济条件等的基础上,借鉴国内外水土保持生态治理新技术、新理论,综合分析研究区小流域治理现状,运用生态学和系统工程学原理,遵循可持续发展规律,坚持工程、生物和耕作措施相结合的原则,对流域的持续开发进行研究,得出以下结论:(1)该区土壤含水量变化为10月最高,6、9、11月次之,其余月份比较低,封山育林模式地土壤水分含量最高,林草混交模式地次之,刺槐纯林模式地最小。(2)不同土层的最大持水量、最小持水量、毛管持水量、排水能力:上层(0-20)较大,下层(20-40)较小:储水量:上层(0-20)较小,下层较大。(3)地表径流量和泥沙流失量:封山育林模式>林草混交模式>刺槐沙棘混交模式>刺槐纯林模式。(4)混交林不仅增加凋落物量,而且枯枝落叶层现存量与持水量也明显大于纯林。这对削弱暴雨对地面的溅击能力,分散、阻滞地表径流的形成起着十分重要的作用。(5)几种不同植被恢复模式各层土壤有机质含量均随深度而递减,其趋势基本一致。(6)刺槐人工林地不同月份在0-100cm土壤水分年变化规律为,随土层的增加,土壤内含水量增大。(由8.9%到14.6%)。(7)不同立地类型刺槐林地土壤水分含量总体出现的从高到底变化序列为沟底淤积>原面黄土>阳向沟坡下部黄土>阴向沟坡下部黄土>阳向沟坡上部黄土。(8)土壤含水量与刺槐生长两者之间相关系数r=0.8965,达紧密程度。同时,土壤含水量曲线与刺槐生长曲线基本相吻合。(9)不同立地类型之间水热再分配,存在很大差异,这种差异尤以土壤含水量与林木生长之间存在着十分密切的关系。(10)刺槐不同林龄人工林地土壤水分从3-23年其土壤水分是逐渐增加的,也就是说林龄越高,林中的土壤水分越多;同样土壤深度从0-100cm,含水量也是随土层越深而逐渐增加。(11)刺槐纯林与混交林林地土壤水分含量,无论是各土层含水量,各月含水量还是平均含水量,刺槐+油松混交林都高于刺槐纯林。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the implementation of small watershed management projects to Qianyang County Ran valley as the main object of study, analysis of the study area in the investigation of natural conditions, socio-economic conditions, etc., based on soil and water conservation at home and abroad learn new technologies, new theories, integrated analysis of small watershed management area status, the use of ecology and systems engineering principles, to follow the law of sustainable development, persist in engineering, biological and farming incentives as the principle of sustainable development of the basin study reached the following conclusions: (1) changes in soil moisture for the area in October the highest, 6,9,11 On the second, the rest of the month is relatively low, Forest Conservation patterns of soil moisture content, and forest and grass mixed pattern in the second, black locust pure forest model to the minimum. (2) the maximum water holding capacity of different soil layers, the minimum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, drainage capacity: the upper (0-20) large, lower (20-40) is small; storage capacity: the upper (0-20) was higher than small, lower large. (3) The loss of surface runoff and sediment volume: Forest Conservation Mode "forest and grass mixed mode" Locust sea buckthorn mixed mode "locust pure forest model. (4) mixed not only increase the amount of litter, and litter biomass and water-holding capacity is also significantly greater than pure forest. This will weaken the rain splash on the ground strike capability, decentralization, and block the formation of surface runoff play an important role. (5) a number of different vegetation restoration patterns of soil organic matter content of each layer with the depth of decline, the trend basically the same. (6), black locust plantations in different months in the 0-100cm soil moisture change of the year, with the increase of soil, and soil water content increased. (From 8.9% to 14.6%). (7) different site types of locust forest soil water content in general changes occur in the end sequence from high-ditch silting "of the original surface of loess" Yang slope to the ditch bottom of loess "Yin to the bottom of trench slope loess" Yang Department of loess slope to the ditch. (8) Soil water content and the correlation coefficient between Robinia growth of r = 0.8965, up tightness. Meanwhile, the soil moisture curve and the black locust growth curve coincide. (9) between the different site types of hydrothermal redistribution, there is a big difference, especially the differences between the soil moisture and tree growth there is a very close relationship. (10) black locust plantations of different forest age from 3-23 years of soil moisture of soil moisture is gradually increasing, meaning that the higher forest age, forest, soil moisture more; the same soil depth from 0-100cm, water content With the deeper soil is also gradually increasing. (11) locust Pure and mixed forest soil moisture content, whether it is the soil moisture content, water content of each month, or an average moisture content, were higher than the mixed forest of black locust + locust pine forest.更多还原