【作者】 齐丛飞；

【导师】 张忠潮；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 沿海地区经济高速发展产生了巨大的环境压力。当前,中国沿海地区人口增长迅速,经济发展十分迅猛,大量的工业废水和生活污水排放到海洋,农业面源污染和径流也将各类污染物和营养盐输送到海洋。与此同时,各种海洋开发活动如围填海、海上油气开发、船舶运输等,都增加了海洋环境压力,我国经过三十年的努力,虽已初步形成了具有中国特色的海洋环境管理的法律法规制度。但我国的海洋环境管理法律法规体系还不完善,法律条文过于原则,缺乏可操作性。海洋环境保护缺乏宏观规划和法规标准,重点海域环境保护缺乏宏观指导、协调和规划,导致重点海域的环境保护和整治无法有效开展,许多海洋环境保护措施无法有效落实。同时,由于缺乏具体可操作性的海洋环境保护法规及技术标准,在海洋环境保护上管理依据不足,监测和评估规范化不强,难以建立实施有效的海洋环境监管、监测和评价体系。海洋环境保护资金技术短缺,国家在海洋环境保护工作中的资金投入尽管逐年增加,但是与海洋环境保护实际需求相比差距还很大,导致重点海域整治修复滞后,海洋环境监测管理体系能力薄弱,用于海洋生态建设的投资比例更少。当前还缺乏许多先进适用的海洋环境保护、监测和评估的科学技术,从事该领域的专业技术人员也十分短缺。监督管理机制还不完善,海洋环境保护缺乏综合协调和联合执法的机制和手段,致使许多跨行政区域、跨行政部门的海洋坏境保护问题难以解决。在海洋上不境管理中,区域利益、地方利益和部门利益还无法有效协调,加剧了环境保护监管的难度。与此同时,充分发挥行政管理手段、经济手段、市场化手段的多种措施并举还不够,基层公众和非政府组织参与海洋环境保护的作用尚未有效发挥。所以,建议要根据目前国际海洋环境管理法律体系趋于一体化、综合化的趋势要求,整合我国现行法律法规,并出台相应的配套实施细则或实施办法,尽量减少法律真空。另一方面要统一海洋管理部门,严格依法行政,维护法律的权威。更多还原

【Abstract】 The high-way economic development in the area around the seas produces the huge environmental pressure. At present, the population in that area rises rapidly, the economy develops swiftly, quantities of the industrial and day-life polluted water is taken into the seas, non-point source pollution and the runoff also take the pollution and the nutrients into the seas. Meanwhile, sorts of the developing activities such as the reclamation、the development of oils and gas、shipment, strengthens the environmental pressure to the seas and the oceans. By more-than-3 0-year efforts, our country has built the laws and the regulations on the marine environmental administration with Chinese characteristics, but the system has not been to perfection, the articles is much too principle, and short of the feasibility. The marine environmental protection being short of the macro scheme ,and the legal standard, the pointed waters short of the macro instructions、coordination and the plans, cause the environmental protection couldn’t be taken into force, many marine measures could not be implanted. Additionally, due to the shortage of the feasible marine regulations and the standard, and of the administrative foundation, we could not build the effective marine environmental supervision and the assessment’s system. The money we need in the marine environmental protection is far away from that we get from the government, although the government increases the input every year, therefore, the remediation was delayed, marine environmental supervision capacity was impaired. Currently, our country still lack of the advanced technology on the supervision and the assessment. The backwards of the supervision and the administration, and the lack of the joint law-enforcement, cause many problems on the marine environmental protection couldn’t be solved. On the marine environmental administration, the regional interests、local interests and the departmental interests have not effectively coordinated, so it aggravated the difficulty of the supervision. Furthermore, the application on the administration、economic stimulus and the market has not developed very well, the function of the grass-rooted public and the NGO have not applied well, so I suggest our country should integrate the current laws and regulations ,make the corresponding ordinance, do the best to mitigate the vacuum of the laws. On the other side, we should build the united marine administrative department, strictly implement the laws.更多还原