【作者】 段正松；

【导师】 常庆瑞；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 土地资源与空间信息技术， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在“973”项目——中国主要水蚀区土壤侵蚀过程与调控研究的支持下,以典型紫色丘陵区盐亭县为研究区,基于1:50000地形图、ALOS遥感数据等,利用遥感与地理信息系统技术,以水利部《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》(SL190-2007)为标准,建立了土壤侵蚀强度分级图,运用地学信息图谱思想,结合景观格局指数分析的方法,分析探讨了土壤侵蚀景观的格局特征,同时分析了土壤强度景观的垂直分布规律和水平分布规律。在研究中得到了以下成果与结论:(1)提出了土壤侵蚀信息图谱的概念,及土壤侵蚀类型信息图谱、土壤侵蚀空间格局图谱和水土流失过程信息图谱3种基本类型的内涵,探讨了土壤侵蚀信息图谱的构建过程,提出土壤侵蚀信息图谱的内容与表达方式。(2)以水利部《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》(SL190-2007)为规则,在ERDAS中建立了土壤侵蚀分级知识分类器,实现了研究区土壤侵蚀的强度分级。利用该分类器在统一影响因子代码的前提下可实现不同研究区的土壤侵蚀强度分级。(3)研究区景观类型主要由微度侵蚀、轻度侵蚀和中度侵蚀构成,三者面积之和占研究区总面积的89.54%,其中微度侵蚀比重最大为40.17%,剧烈侵蚀比重最小仅占0.09%;研究区土壤侵蚀强度类型齐全,多样性程度较高,缀块数目多,破碎化程度高,景观结构组成有一定得复杂度。景观特征总体上呈现“基底—廊道—缀块”的结构特征,微度侵蚀构成研究区的景观基底,中度侵蚀沿山脊线及河谷线呈带状分布,形成廊道景观,其它侵蚀强度景观以缀块形式散布于研究区。(4)研究区各土壤侵蚀强度景观在不同海拔段上均有分布,但比重差异大,微度侵蚀、轻度侵蚀和中度侵蚀在各海拔段占据主导地位,剧烈侵蚀比重最小,海拔500米以下以微度侵蚀为主,500～700米主要以轻度侵蚀和中度侵蚀为主,在海拔700米以上区域以轻度侵蚀为主。(5)研究区划分为北部低山窄谷中强度侵蚀区和南部浅丘宽谷轻度侵蚀区。北部中强度侵蚀区轻度、中度和强度侵蚀共占该区面积的68.84%,该区土壤侵蚀比较严重;南部轻度侵蚀区微度侵蚀占该区总面积的52.17%,土壤侵蚀相对较轻。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper was funded by the project“973”, the process of soil erosion and regulation in main China water erosion region, as Yan Ting as study area which is purple hilly region. The research based on 1:50000 topo-sheets and ALOS remote sensing data. RS(remote sensing) and GIS(geographical information system) have been used to generate various thematic layers, like the strength grade of soil erosion map. This paper used <:Classification Criterion of Soil Erosion >(SL190-96, Ministry of Water Rescues of China),geological map and the landscape index have been used to establish the characters of soil landscape ,soil erosion and the rules of soil erosion type in vertical and horizontal distribution. The results and conclusion are as follows:(1) The concept of soil erosion map has been discussed, as well as soil erosion type information map, soil erosion spatial pattern information map, soil and water loss process information map. Further, process of soil erosion information map has been discussed and put forward the concept and expression way.(2) Used <:Classification Criterion of Soil Erosion >(SL190-2007, Ministry of Water Rescues of China)as rules, established knowledge-based classifier of soil erosion classification with ERDAS(Leica) ,and strength classification of soil erosion has been realized. The classifier can reach strength classification in variety study areas based on the same impact factor code.(3) The landscape erosion in study is composed three types which take part in 89.54% in total region, slight erosion, mild erosion and moderate erosion, repectively. At the same time, mild erosion got a significant area which is 40.17%, however, violent erosion just 0.09%. The landscape in the region very completed, because of the area is rich in soil erosion type. A very important character in the study area which is the patch type is diversity, and distributed without any rules.(4) Soil erosion landscape distributed in the regions of several heights, but different in percent. Slight erosion, mild erosion and moderate erosion take part in a lot of areas. Under the level of 500M, mainly Slight erosion; 500M-700M,mainly mild erosion and moderate erosion; 700M and up, mainly mild erosion. (5) The study area divided into two parts, north region where is moderate erosion and south region where is mild erosion. In the north area, soil erosion is serious, violent erosion, mild erosion and moderate are take part in 68.84% of the total areas; compare with the north region, the soil erosion in south much lighter and the sight erosion is 52.17%.更多还原