【作者】 于世龙；

【导师】 黄苏珍；

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以黄菖蒲植物（Iris pseudacorus L.）为材料,通过营养液培养和铅尾矿矿砂盆栽培养的方式研究了Cd和Cu、植物生长调节剂和有机酸对Pb胁迫下黄菖蒲生长、渗透调节系统、抗氧化酶系统、氮代谢等生理生化的变化以及对其它金属离子吸收的影响。初步研究结果如下:1、Pb、Cd及其复合胁迫对黄菖蒲生长及部分生理指标的影响通过28天的液体培养研究了Pb、Cd及其复合胁迫对黄菖蒲幼苗生长及生理的指标影响。结果表明,在500mg/L Pb和25mg/L Cd+500mg/L Pb胁迫下黄菖蒲地上部和地下部干重与对照相比均显著下降。所有处理的叶绿素a含量与对照相比均显著下降,在25mg/L Cd+500mg/L Pb胁迫下,叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量与对照相比分别下降24%和25%。在500mg/L Pb和25mg/L Cd+500mg几Pb处理下,根和叶MDA、脯氨酸含量和POD活性均增加,但是在25mg/L Cd处理下,根和叶中的POD活性和叶中的MDA含量均显著降低。说明脯氨酸和POD活性在黄菖蒲幼苗耐Pb胁迫方面起到了重要作用。2、Pb、Cu及其复合胁迫对黄菖蒲生长及部分生理指标的影响通过对Pb、Cu单因子及复合胁迫对黄菖蒲的生长、生理变化的影响及其抗性能力的研究发现,在20 mg/L Cu处理下黄菖蒲地下和地上部干重显著下降,分别为对照的38%、23%;MDA含量、细胞膜透性、脯氨酸、SOD活性等均显著增加。而在200 mg/L Pb处理下对黄菖蒲的生长及生理变化影响较小。200 mg/L Pb+20 mg/LCu复合胁迫显著降低了黄菖蒲生长和提高了根SOD的活性。说明铅和铜对黄菖蒲的毒害有一定的拮抗作用,SOD活性和脯氨酸在黄菖蒲幼苗耐Pb、Cu胁迫方面起到了重要的作用。3、Pb胁迫下添加植物生长调节剂对黄菖蒲生长及生理指标的影响研究发现,所有处理地下部干重均比对照显著增加。1 mg/L GA₃促进了黄菖蒲地下部和地上部的生长,1 mg/L NAA使黄菖蒲地下部生物量增加,但抑制了其地上部的生长。在1 mg/L NAA和200 mg/L Pb+1 mg/L NAA胁迫下,地上部干重显著下降,分别为对照的72%和43%。而1 mg/L GA₃的加入,可以缓解Pb对黄菖蒲生长的毒害,地上部干重与对照相比差异不显著。在1 mg/L NAA,200 mg/L Pb,200 mg/L Pb+1 mg/L NAA,200 mg/L Pb+1 mg/L GA₃处理下,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量下降,MDA、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量上升。试验结果说明,试验中所采用的1 mg/L GA₃浓度可以有效地提高黄菖蒲的耐Pb能力。4、有机酸对栽培于Pb尾矿沙中的黄菖蒲幼苗生长及金属离子积累的影响对黄菖蒲的铝尾矿矿沙盆栽试验研究了外源有机酸醋酸（HAc）、柠檬酸（CA）、乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）的加入对黄菖蒲的生长及Pb和其他金属离子的吸收的调节作用。试验结果显示:0.5和2 mmol/kg HAc和CA处理使黄菖蒲生物量有所增长但与对照相比差异不显著,EDTA显著抑制了黄菖蒲生物量的增加。HAc、CA和低浓度的EDTA地上部Pb含量下降,但与对照相比差异不显著;所有处理根系中Pb含量均显著高于对照。在2mmol/kg高浓度EDTA处理下,黄菖蒲地下部和地上部Pb含量均显著增加,比对照Pb含量分别增加了452%、69%。试验结果说明,HAc和CA可以提高黄菖蒲对铅的耐受性,HAc和CA和EDTA对促进黄菖蒲修复Pb污染具有一定的作用,EDTA效果更好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The growth,osmotic regulation system,antioxidant enzymes system and nitrogen metabolism and other physiological and biochemical changes of Iris pseudacorus L. were studied under the treatments of Cd,Cu,plant growth regulators and organic acids by the way of liquid culture and Pb tailings Potted culture.The results were as bellow:1.Effects of Pb,Cd and their combined stress on the growth and partial physiological parameters of I.pseudacorusThe effects of Cd,Pb and their combined stress on the seedling growth and physiological parameters of I.pseudacorus were studied through 28 days of liquid culture.Results show that the dry weights（DW） of leaves and roots of the seedlings of I. pseudacorus were decreased significantly compared with control under 500 mg/L Pb and 25 mg/L Cd+500 mg/L Pb stress.All of the contents of chlorophyll a（chla） were significantly decreased under all treatments compared with that of control and the contents of chla and chlorophyll b（chlb） were drop by 24%and 25%,respectively,at the treatment of 25 mg/L Cd 500 mg/L Pb compared with that of control.The contents of MDA and proline and POD activity in the roots and leaves were increased under the treatments of 500mg/L Pb and 25 mg/L+Cd 500 mg/L Pb.However,POD activity and the content of MDA in the roots and leaves were significantly reduced at 25mg/L Cd treatment.The results indicated that proline and POD activity played an important role in seedlings of I.pseudacorus in the resistance of Pb stress.2.Effects of Pb,Cu and their combined stress on the growth and partial physiological parameters of I.pseudacorusThrough the study of single factor of Cu and Pb and their combined stress on the growth,physiological parameters and the tolerance of I.pseudacorus,the DWs of roots and leaves significantly decreased to 38%and 23%of control,respectively,under 20 mg/L Cu stress.The content of MDA and proline,membrane permeability and SOD activity are increased significantly at 20 mg/L Cu treatment.However,the growth and physiological changes were not significantly increased or decreased at 200mg/L Pb treatment.The DWs of roots and leaves of the seedlings of I.pseudacorus were significantly decreased and the activity of SOD in the roots was significantly enhanced at the treatment of 200 mg/L Pb+20 mg/L Cu.The results indicated that there was certain antagonistic effect of Pb and Cu in the stress on the growth of I.pseudacorus and proline content and SOD activity played an important role for the seedlings of I. pseudacorus under Cu and Pb stress.3.Effects of adding plant growth regulators on the growth and biological responses of I.pseudacorus under Pb stressThe results showed that DWs of roots I.pseudacorus were increased significantly under all treatments compared with control.The growth of leaves were promoted by 1 mg/L GA₃ treatment and restrained by 1mg/LNAA treatment.The DWs of leaves were significantly decreased under 1 mg/LNAA and 200 mg/L Pb+l mg/L NAA stress,the DWs of leaves were dropped to 72%and 43%of control,respectively,while,the toxic action of Pb could be relieved by adding 1 mg/L GA3.The contents of chla and chIb were decreased and the contents of MDA,soluble sugar and soluble protein were increased under all treatments except 1 mg/L GA₃.The results suggested that adding 1 mg/L GA₃ could effectively improve the resistance of I.pseudacorus under Pb stress.4.Effects of organic acids on the growth and metals accumulation of I. pseudacorus cultivated in the Pb tailingThe results showed that the biomass of L pseudacorus was increased but not significantly different compared with-control under 0.5 mmol/kg and 2 mmol/kg HAe and CA treatments and the biomass was inhibited by EDTA treatment.Pb contents in the leaves were decreased under the treatments of HAc,CA and low concentration of EDTA,but not significantly different with control.Pb contents in roots of all treatments were significantly higher than control.Pb contents in the roots and leaves were significantly increased to 552%and 169%,respectively,compared with that of control. The results showed that Pb tolerability of I.pseudacorus could be improved by adding CA and HAe,and CA,HAc and EDTA更多还原