【作者】 周叶露；

【导师】 邹顺康；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在“应试教育”的环境影响下,我国基础教育领域掀起了开发智力的热潮,同时却忽略了非智力因素在个体成长成才中的重要作用,造成了一些不良的后果。学生“被迫学”的学习动机和“高分低能”的单一才能已经严重影响了我们对于培养创新性的高素质人才的初衷。在教育过程中,人们发现智力水平高的学生学习成绩不一定优秀,更不一定成才。曾经的“知识中心论”、“智力中心论”作为指导思想的教育实践失败足以证明:人才培养不仅要开发人的智力因素,还要注意开发和培养非智力因素。非智力因素是指那些不直接参与认识过程,但对认识过程起直接制约作用的心理因素。具体包括需要、动机、兴趣、抱负、理想、信念、态度、情感、意志和性格等。非智力因素是大学生整体素质的重要组成部分,也是素质教育的重要内容。开发和培养良好的非智力因素,是个体成长成才的需要。良好的非智力因素对个体成才起着引导、定向、调节、维持、强化、弥补等作用,对于个体智力的提升也有辅助作用。本文采用了文献法,积极搜集、鉴别、整理文献,并通过对文献的研究形成对事实的科学认识。通过大量查阅文献资料较好地把握大学生在创新教育与思想政治教育中的现状,尤其是搜集整理了关于智力因素和非智力因素两者相辅相成,从而对个体成才的作用的研究现状以及存在的问题。研究过程中还运用了体验法,即设身处地地感知现象,并能对现象的因果关系采取正确分析推理的方法。无论是大学生的成才教育还是思想政治教育都是我们在校园中深有体会的,作为一名辅导员,我通过自身的感觉、体验利社会经历,可以更直接、更深刻地感受当前大学生的非智力因素开发和培养的重要性,教育和管理中还存在什么样的问题,通过什么样的途径和方法能够解决,这些思考最终对于论文的完成起到了不小的作用。本文从非智力因素的缘起、概念及发展研究过程着手,并通过对比分析智力因素和非智力因素在个体成长过程中的作用,得出了人的发展离不开智力的提升,而智力的提升需要非智力因素的辅助,所以,人的发展的过程就是智力因素和非智力因素相互作用的过程的结论。同时,通过对当今高校的思想政治教育、专业学科教育、子女的家庭教育等方面存在的误区分析,进一步指出了非智力因素在人才培养中的紧迫性和重要性。最后,通过从非智力因素的四个子系统,即引导系统、动力系统、调控系统和定向系统出发,针对如何开发和培养大学生的非智力因素的具体方法进行了研究。本课题的研究,从理论意义上既丰富了非智力因素的科学理论,又进一步完善了教育方法论的理论体系。从实践上,有利于大学生思想政治教育理念、内容、方法等方面的创新,对高校辅导员的综合素质的提高和思想政治教育工作方式方法的改进提出了更高的要求,同时由于开发和培养非智力因素是素质教育的必然要求,对于培养创新型人才也有着积极的指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the influence of the "examination-oriented education", China sets off a wave of intelligence development in the field of basic education, while the important role of the non-intellectual factors in the growth of individual talent is ignored, which results in a number of undesirable consequences. Students’ forced-to-learn motivation and "high-score-with-low-capacity" have seriously affected our objective of fostering innovative high-quality talents. In the process of education, it was discovered that students with high IQ is not necessarily good and talent. Previous educational practice guided by "knowledge center" theory and "intellectual center" theory has been proved to be failed, whicn shows that: fostering talents is not only to develop people’s intellectual factors, but also non-intellectual factors. Non-intelligence factors are psychological factors that are not directly involved in the process of understanding, but play a direct constraint on it. These factors include specifically the need, motivation, interests, aspirations, ideals, beliefs, attitudes, emotions, will and character and so on. Non-intelligence factors are an important part of college students’ overall quality and quality education. To develop and foster good non-intellectual factors is the need of individual growing and being talent. Good non-intellectual factors plays important role of guidance, orientation, adjustment, maintenance, enhancement and make-up on the individual genius, and supplementary role on upgrading of individual intelligence. In this paper, the literature method is used, literatures are collected, identified and organized, and through the literature studying scientific understanding of the facts are formated. Access to a large number of literatures,the paper gets a better grasp of university students’ innovation education and ideological and political education, in particular, we collect and collate studies and problems on intelligence factors and non-intellectual factors mutually complementary to affect individual genius. The study also uses the experience method, which puts researchers in the phenomenon and seeks for the relation of consequent to antecedent. College students’ talent education and ideological and political education are both profound understanding of our campus, as a counselor, through my own feelings,practice and social experience, I can feel more direct and deeply the importance of college students’ non-intellectual factors development, existing problems of current education and management and their solving ways, all these thoughts help writing the paper. The paper starts from the origins,concepts and development of non-intelligence factors, through comparative analysis of intelligence factors’ and non-intelligence factors’ roles in the individual growth process, gets the conclusion that a human can not develop without intellectual enhancement, and enhancement of intellectual requires a non-intellectual factors supporting, so the process of human development is interaction of the intellectual factors and non-intellectual factors. At the same time, through analysising the misunderstanding in the college ideological and political education, professional education and family education, the paper furtherly points out the urgency and importance of the non-intellectual factors in talent fostering. Finally, from four subsystems of non-intellectual factors, namely, guidance systems, power systems, control systems, and the starting orientation system, the paper studys some detial methods of how to develop and nurture students’ non-intellectual. The topics, from the theoretical sense, not only enriches the scientific theory of non-intelligence factors, but also furtherly improves the methodology of the theoretical system of education. From the practice sense, it is conducive to innovation of ideological and political education concepts, contents, methods, and demand higher the overall quality of university counselors and improvement of ideological and political education ways and means, and because the development and cultivation of non-intellectual factor is the inevitable requirement of quality education, it has a positive guidance role on cultivating innovative talents.更多还原