【作者】 刘金兰；

【导师】 胡柏彦； 朱向东；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着几千年封建社会的解体和清末西方文化的侵入,我国高等教育开始了由书院向学堂转变,我国近代高等学校由此形成。20世纪初,在中西方建筑文化相互碰撞的形势下,中国近代高校出现了各种形态的中西交汇的学校建筑。随着时间的发展,受不同的社会历史背景、教育制度及建筑思潮等各方面的影响,学校建筑在20世纪中期和21世纪分别呈现出不同的建筑特征。我国高等学校建筑在这百年时期内究竟发展如何及其建筑特征的动态变化情况,对于我国高等教育和学校建设的研究都有重要的意义。本文主要以山西太原理工大学这所百年老校为研究对象,以高等教育发展背景为前提,分析不同时期的办学特点、学科设置和学校规模,为学校校舍建设分析做铺垫。接着从建筑历史和理论的角度通过对相关材料进行查阅、整理和分析,对百年高校建筑的发展按三个不同历史时期进行特征归纳,并从规划和建筑特色两方面梳理其动态特征。我国高校发展共分为创立阶段、奠基阶段和发展阶段。第一阶段:创立阶段受传统书院和西方建筑文化影响主要表现为传统书院特征和中西交融的学校特色,规划上都采取了中轴对称形式,建筑风格上差异较大,有传统的坡屋顶木结构建筑,也有西洋式建筑。第二阶段:奠基阶段受当时社会背景的影响,其办学模式及建校风格均学自苏联,同时受现代主义建筑思潮影响,这时期得学校建筑表现为很浓的“苏式”特色,其建筑特征主要表现为复古主义学院派和现代主义国际式风格。同时,学校开始注重营造绿化环境,出现了一些学校园林。第三阶段:发展阶段受现代教育理念的转变及一些现代主义和后现代主义建筑思潮影响,表现为多样化的建筑类型及风格,同时由于学校规模的不断壮大,开始出现了大量的高层建筑。并且随着高校的发展,学校对于绿化空间的要求越来越高,绿化区的建设成为学校一道亮丽的风景。由山西大学堂西学专斋到太原理工大学,其一百多年的历史见证着我国高校建设的动态变化,为研究我国高等学校的建设及其特征和山西的学校建筑提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the process of disaggregation of Qing dynasty and inbreak of the Western culture, it happened that the high education in China converted from Classic College to Grand School, that is to say, high school began to come into being. In early 20 century, when the traditional culture met with the Western culture, there came forth many styles of school buildings which formed with the mix of the two. Along with the development of history, because of different social and historic background, educational system, and architectural thoughts, school buildings took on different architecture characteristics, in meddle 20 century and the 21 century. It would be meaningful to the research for the high education and the school buildings to reveal the evolvement process and the changes in architectural characteristics of high school architectures during more than 100 yearsTaking Taiyuan University of Technology as the study object, and the process of high school as the background, this paper firstly expatiated the teaching manner, subjects and the size in different periods, which was an indication for the next. Than, three characteristic stages: foundation stage, seedtime and development stage, during the development of high school buildings were summed up from the layout and architecture of high schools, by the way of perusing, sorting and analyzing referenced data.First stage: effected by the classical college architectural culture and western architectural culture, architectures of this time took on the characteristics of Western Fusion, being symmetrical in layout, styles of which varying from traditional wood-based buildings to Occidentalism architecture. Second stage: architectures of this time were influenced both by the social background and the modernism architectural thoughts, so the style was not only manifested the soviet style, but also presented the international style. At the same time, it was paid attention to create a green environment, and some school garden appeared. Third stage: as the result of the concept of modern education and modern and post-modern architectural ideas, the buildings of this stage represented a variety of building types and styles, and a lot of high-rise buildings appeared due to the growing size of schools. Besides, the building of the green district in the school became a beautiful scenic, since the requirement of green space in school was being higher and higher along with the development of high school.Taiyuan University of Technology witnessed the dynamic changes of the building in Chinese high school, and provided a reference to the research for Chinese high school buildings as well as Shanxi province.更多还原